Conte Pellegrino, Agretto Anna, Spaccini Riccardo, Piccolo Alessandro
Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e dell'Ambiente, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2005 Jun;135(3):515-22. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.10.006.
The remediation of the highly contaminated site around the former chemical plant of ACNA (near Savona) in Northern Italy is a top priority in Italy. The aim of the present work was to contribute in finding innovative and environmental-friendly technology to remediate soils from the ACNA contaminated site. Two soils sampled from the ACNA site (A and B), differing in texture and amount and type of organic contaminants, were subjected to soil washings by comparing the removal efficiency of water, two synthetic surfactants, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and Triton X-100 (TX100), and a solution of a natural surfactant, a humic acid (HA) at its critical micelle concentration (CMC). The extraction of pollutants by sonication and soxhlet was conducted before and after the soil washings. Soil A was richer in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas soil B had a larger content of thiophenes. Sonication resulted more analytically efficient in the fine-textured soil B. The coarse-textured soil A was extracted with a general equal efficiency also by soxhlet. Clean-up by water was unable to exhaustively remove contaminants from the two soils, whereas all the organic surfactants revealed very similar efficiencies (up to 90%) in the removal of the contaminants from the soils. Hence, the use of solutions of natural HAs appears as a better choice for soil washings of highly polluted soils due to their additional capacity to promote microbial activity, in contrast to synthetic surfactants, for a further natural attenuation in washed soils.
意大利北部ACNA（靠近萨沃纳）原化工厂周边高度污染场地的修复是意大利的首要任务。本研究的目的是为寻找创新且环保的技术来修复ACNA污染场地的土壤做出贡献。从ACNA场地采集了两种土壤（A和B），它们在质地、有机污染物的数量和类型上存在差异，通过比较水、两种合成表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和 Triton X - 100（TX100）以及天然表面活性剂腐殖酸（HA）在其临界胶束浓度（CMC）下的溶液的去除效率，对这两种土壤进行了土壤冲洗。在土壤冲洗前后，通过超声处理和索氏提取法进行污染物提取。土壤A富含多环芳烃，而土壤B的噻吩含量较高。超声处理在质地细腻的土壤B中分析效率更高。质地粗糙的土壤A通过索氏提取法也能以大致相同的效率进行提取。用水清理无法彻底去除两种土壤中的污染物，而所有有机表面活性剂在去除土壤中的污染物方面显示出非常相似的效率（高达90%）。因此，与合成表面活性剂相比，使用天然腐殖酸溶液进行高度污染土壤的土壤冲洗似乎是更好的选择，因为它们具有促进微生物活性的额外能力，有利于冲洗后土壤的进一步自然衰减。
