Underwood Geoffrey, Crundall David, Hodson Katherine
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Perception. 2005;34(9):1069-82. doi: 10.1068/p5246.
Combined displays of graphics and text, such as figure captions in newspapers and books, lead to distinctive inspection patterns, or scanpaths. Readers characteristically look very briefly at the picture, and then read the caption, and then look again at the picture. The initial inspection of the picture is the focus of interest in the present experiment, in which we attempted to modify the inspection by giving participants advance knowledge of the subject of a sentence (the cued object) that was to be verified or denied on the basis of whether it correctly described some aspect of the scene shown in the picture. Eye fixations were recorded while the viewers looked at the picture and the sentence in whatever sequence they chose. By allowing viewers to know the subject of the sentence in advance, we asked whether patterns of fixations on the sentence and on the second inspection of the picture would reflect prior knowledge of the focus of the sentence. Providing advance information did not influence eye movements while reading the sentence. It did, however, increase the number of fixations in the initial inspection of the picture, and it also reduced the number and duration of the fixations on the pictures overall. The results suggest that cueing participants to the object allowed increased coding in the initial inspection of the picture, though the benefit of such coding only becomes apparent when the picture is inspected for the second time.
图形和文本的组合展示，比如报纸和书籍中的图片说明，会导致独特的检查模式，即扫描路径。读者通常会快速浏览图片，然后阅读说明，接着再看图片。在本实验中，图片的初始检查是关注的焦点，我们试图通过让参与者提前了解一个句子的主题（提示对象）来改变检查方式，该句子将根据其是否正确描述了图片中所示场景的某个方面来进行验证或否定。当观看者以他们选择的任何顺序查看图片和句子时，会记录眼睛注视情况。通过让观看者提前知道句子的主题，我们探究句子和图片第二次检查时的注视模式是否会反映对句子焦点的先验知识。提供提前信息在阅读句子时不会影响眼睛运动。然而，它确实增加了图片初始检查时的注视次数，并且还减少了图片整体上的注视次数和持续时间。结果表明，提示参与者关注对象能在图片的初始检查中增加编码，不过这种编码的益处只有在第二次检查图片时才会显现出来。
