Privat Alain
Inserm U583, Institut des neurosciences, 80 rue Augustin Eloi, 34295 Montpellier.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 2005 Apr;189(4):605-13; discussion 613-4.
The presence of stem cells in the central nervous system of adult rodents has been suspected some forty years ago. However, it is only since two decades that the ability of those cells to give rise to neurons has been demonstrated in two regions of the CNS, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. It is only recently that stem cells have been identified in the hippocampus of adult Humans. Stem cells have been transplanted in animal models of Nervous pathologies, to compensate for a deficit in neurotransmitters (Parkinson's disease) or of trophic factors (Spinal cord injury) with encouraging but not decisive results. Future progresses are expected from the us of intrinsic stem cells whose fate could be controlled thanks to the modern tools of gene therapy.
大约四十年前就有人怀疑成年啮齿动物的中枢神经系统中存在干细胞。然而，直到二十年前，才在中枢神经系统的两个区域——海马体的齿状回和嗅球——证明了这些细胞产生神经元的能力。直到最近，才在成年人类的海马体中发现了干细胞。干细胞已被移植到神经病理学的动物模型中，以弥补神经递质（帕金森病）或营养因子（脊髓损伤）的不足，结果令人鼓舞但并不确定。借助基因治疗的现代工具，有望通过控制内源性干细胞的命运取得未来进展。
