Picard-Riera Nathalie, Nait-Oumesmar Brahim, Baron-Van Evercooren Anne
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U546, Laboratoire des Affections de la Myéline et des Canaux Ioniques Musculaires, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
J Neurosci Res. 2004 Apr 15;76(2):223-31. doi: 10.1002/jnr.20040.
Mitotic activity persists in various regions of the adult mammal CNS. While evidences of neurogenesis appeared, many studies focused on the features of the adult stem cells from germinative areas such as the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the cortex, the fourth ventricle and the central canal of the spinal cord. In the present paper, we review the potentialities of the adult germinative areas in terms of proliferation, migration and differentiation in non pathological situation and in response to different type of CNS injury. Adult endogenous stem cells are activated in response to various injuries but their capacities to migrate and to undergo either neurogenesis or gliogenesis differ according to the lesion-type and the germinative zone from which they arise. Different works demonstrated that epigenic factors such as growth factors can enhance the repair potential of the adult stem cells. Reactivation and mobilization of endogenous stem cells as well as demonstration of their long-term survival and functionality appear to be interesting strategies to investigate in order to promote endogenous repair of the adult CNS.
有丝分裂活动在成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统的各个区域持续存在。虽然出现了神经发生的证据，但许多研究聚焦于来自生发区域（如侧脑室室下区、海马齿状回、皮质、第四脑室和脊髓中央管）的成体干细胞的特征。在本文中，我们综述了成年生发区域在非病理情况下以及对不同类型中枢神经系统损伤做出反应时的增殖、迁移和分化潜能。成年内源性干细胞会因各种损伤而被激活，但其迁移能力以及进行神经发生或胶质生成的能力会因损伤类型和产生它们的生发区域而异。不同的研究表明，诸如生长因子等表观遗传因素可增强成体干细胞的修复潜能。内源性干细胞的重新激活和动员以及它们长期存活和功能的证明似乎是为促进成年中枢神经系统的内源性修复而值得研究的有趣策略。
