Dvoráková Magdalena Chottová
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Plzeo, Czech Republic.
Drug News Perspect. 2005 Jul-Aug;18(6):387-91. doi: 10.1358/dnp.2005.18.6.927930.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide that belongs to a family of structurally related peptide hormones including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). These hormones are widely distributed in the nervous system, where they act as neurotransmitters. Their biological effects are mediated by specific receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, which have comparable affinity for VIP and PACAP, and PAC1, which binds VIP with 1,000-fold lower affinity than PACAP. Both peptides are involved in autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, where they exert positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and cause coronary vasodilatation. Additionally, PACAP inhibits proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial fibrosis, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension, have been found to be associated with changes in myocardial VIP concentration or with alteration of affinity, density and physiological responsiveness of VIP/PACAP receptors. Application of the peptides or their agonists has beneficial effect in hypertension, heart failure and myocardial fibrosis. Taken together, VIP and PACAP have beneficial effects in various pathological conditions.
血管活性肠肽（VIP）是一种由28个氨基酸组成的肽，属于结构相关肽激素家族，包括垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽（PACAP）。这些激素广泛分布于神经系统，在其中充当神经递质。它们的生物学效应由特定受体介导，即对VIP和PACAP具有相当亲和力的VPAC1和VPAC2，以及与VIP结合的亲和力比PACAP低1000倍的PAC1。这两种肽都参与心血管系统的自主调节，在其中发挥正性变力和变时作用，并引起冠状动脉血管舒张。此外，PACAP抑制心脏成纤维细胞的增殖。已发现几种心血管疾病，如心肌纤维化、心力衰竭、心肌病和肺动脉高压，与心肌VIP浓度的变化或VIP/PACAP受体亲和力、密度和生理反应性的改变有关。应用这些肽或其激动剂对高血压、心力衰竭和心肌纤维化有有益作用。综上所述，VIP和PACAP在各种病理状况下都有有益作用。
