Ekström Anette, Matthiesen Ann-Sofi, Widström Ann-Marie, Nissen Eva
School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Sweden.
Scand J Public Health. 2005;33(5):353-9. doi: 10.1080/14034940510005879.
The aim of the study was to develop an instrument that can be used for accurate assessment of nurses' and midwives' attitudes toward breastfeeding in a group of midwives, maternity-nursing staff and postnatal nurses experienced in breastfeeding counselling.
An instrument based on WHO standards was developed to measure breastfeeding attitudes. In all, 168 healthcare professionals filled in the instrument. A factor analysis using maximum likelihood and varimax rotation was performed. Spearman's correlation was used to correlate factorial dimensions and self-described interest in breastfeeding.
By means of factor analysis four factors were identified: the "regulating" factor focused on regulating the mothers' breastfeeding management, the "facilitating" factor focused on making it easy for mothers to manage their breastfeeding, the "disempowering" factor focused on giving advice, disregarding the needs of the mother being counselled, and the "breastfeeding antipathy" factor focused on insufficient, basic, breastfeeding knowledge and aversive reactions to breastfeeding. Midwives rated higher on the facilitating factor and breastfeeding antipathy factor and lower on the regulating factor than postnatal nurses. Breastfeeding interest was positively correlated with the facilitating factor, and negatively with the disempowering factor and the breastfeeding antipathy factor.
This instrument provides a picture of health professionals' attitudes towards breastfeeding. Four factors were identified in order of importance: regulating, facilitating, disempowering, and breastfeeding antipathy factors. Harmful attitudes were identified and suggested a need for educational programmes to help health professionals to reconcile damaging values, in order to improve breastfeeding counselling.
本研究的目的是开发一种工具，用于准确评估一组在母乳喂养咨询方面经验丰富的助产士、产科护理人员和产后护士对母乳喂养的态度。
开发了一种基于世界卫生组织标准的工具来衡量母乳喂养态度。共有168名医疗保健专业人员填写了该工具。进行了使用最大似然法和方差最大化旋转的因子分析。采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析来关联因子维度与自我描述的对母乳喂养的兴趣。
通过因子分析确定了四个因子：“规范”因子侧重于规范母亲的母乳喂养管理，“促进”因子侧重于使母亲易于管理母乳喂养，“削弱能力”因子侧重于提供建议而忽视接受咨询母亲的需求，“母乳喂养反感”因子侧重于母乳喂养知识不足、基础薄弱以及对母乳喂养的厌恶反应。与产后护士相比，助产士在促进因子和母乳喂养反感因子上得分较高，在规范因子上得分较低。母乳喂养兴趣与促进因子呈正相关，与削弱能力因子和母乳喂养反感因子呈负相关。
该工具描绘了卫生专业人员对母乳喂养的态度。按重要性顺序确定了四个因子：规范、促进、削弱能力和母乳喂养反感因子。识别出了有害态度，并表明需要开展教育项目来帮助卫生专业人员调和有害观念，以改善母乳喂养咨询。
