Agustí Alvar G N
Servei Pneumología, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Andrea Doria 55, 07014 Palma Mallorca, Spain.
Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2005;2(4):367-70; discussion 371-2. doi: 10.1513/pats.200504-026SR.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects various structural and functional domains in the lungs. It also has significant extrapulmonary effects, the so-called systemic effects of COPD. Weight loss, nutritional abnormalities, and skeletal muscle dysfunction are well-recognized systemic effects of COPD. Other less well-known but potentially important systemic effects include an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and several neurologic and skeletal defects. The mechanisms underlying these systemic effects are unclear, but they are probably interrelated and multifactorial, including inactivity, systemic inflammation, tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress among others. These systemic effects add to the respiratory morbidity produced by the underlying pulmonary disease and should be considered in the clinical assessment as well as the treatment of affected patients.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）会影响肺部的各种结构和功能区域。它还具有显著的肺外效应，即所谓的COPD全身效应。体重减轻、营养异常和骨骼肌功能障碍是COPD公认的全身效应。其他不太为人所知但可能很重要的全身效应包括心血管疾病风险增加以及一些神经和骨骼缺陷。这些全身效应的潜在机制尚不清楚，但它们可能相互关联且是多因素的，包括缺乏运动、全身炎症、组织缺氧和氧化应激等。这些全身效应会加重潜在肺部疾病所导致的呼吸发病率，在对受影响患者的临床评估和治疗中都应予以考虑。
