Papaj Daniel R, Newsom Ginny M
University of Arizona, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2005 Dec 7;272(1580):2519-23. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3186.
Aposematic, or warning, signals are generally interspecific in form: one species advertises noxiousness to a predator or parasite species. In a study of the pipevine swallowtail butterfly (Battus philenor), we show that a pattern of colouration in the caterpillars that is considered to be aposematic in the context of attack by natural enemies also deters oviposition by conspecific females. In field and laboratory assays, females avoided oviposition on plants bearing live conspecific larvae. Females avoided oviposition on plants bearing artificially constructed models identical to larvae in shape, size and colour pattern. Finally, oviposition on plants harbouring a model bearing the larval colour pattern was reduced relative to plants bearing a leaf-green model, suggesting that the larval colour pattern was essential for avoidance. We discuss how intraspecific and interspecific processes might interact in the evolution of an aposematic signal.
警戒信号，即警示信号，通常在形式上是种间的：一个物种向捕食者或寄生物种表明自身的有害性。在一项对北美乌樟凤蝶（Battus philenor）的研究中，我们发现，毛虫的一种着色模式在面对天敌攻击时被认为是警戒色，而这种模式也会阻止同种雌性蝴蝶在其上产卵。在野外和实验室试验中，雌性蝴蝶会避免在带有同种活幼虫的植物上产卵。雌性蝴蝶会避免在带有形状、大小和颜色模式与幼虫相同的人工制作模型的植物上产卵。最后，相对于带有叶绿色模型的植物，在带有具有幼虫颜色模式模型的植物上的产卵量有所减少，这表明幼虫的颜色模式对于避免产卵至关重要。我们讨论了种内和种间过程在警戒信号进化中可能如何相互作用。
