Kahn Barbara A
The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
Orthop Nurs. 2005 Sep-Oct;24(5):343-8. doi: 10.1097/00006416-200509000-00010.
The history of nursing began in London in the late 1800s with the reform of unsanitary conditions by Florence Nightingale. During the same period, the United States was bitterly fighting the Civil War. Nursing had not developed as a profession, and most of the duties performed by nurses were conducted by men. Casualties of war required rehabilitation and care. Crippled children were left to die because they were considered a burden to society. Dr. James Knight founded the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled in his home on Second Avenue. This would later become a world-renowned orthopaedic institution with exceptional nursing care. A historical analysis of nursing education and practice are reviewed, along with the evolution of the first orthopaedic hospital in the United States.
护理的历史始于19世纪后期的伦敦，当时弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔对不卫生的状况进行了改革。同一时期，美国正在激烈地进行内战。护理尚未发展成为一门职业，护士所履行的大部分职责由男性承担。战争伤亡人员需要康复和护理。残疾儿童因被视为社会负担而只能等死。詹姆斯·奈特医生在他位于第二大道的家中创办了伤残者医院。这家医院后来成为一家以卓越护理而闻名于世的骨科机构。本文回顾了护理教育与实践的历史分析，以及美国第一家骨科医院的发展历程。
