Sloan Frank A, Picone Gabriel, Brown Derek S, Lee Paul P
Center for Health Policy, Law, and Management, Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Nov;53(11):1867-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53560.x.
To determine whether regular eye examinations are associated with a greater or lesser rate of loss of ability to read newsprint, onset of blindness or low vision, or onset of limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and activities of daily living (ADLs).
A sample of 14,215 Medicare beneficiaries observed between 1994 and 1999 linked to the 1994 and 1999 National Long-Term Care Surveys (NLTCS). Effects of annual examinations were assessed using instrumental variables.
The Medicare-linked NLTCS is representative of U.S. elderly persons from 1994 to 1999.
Longitudinal observational study of persons aged 65 and older.
Change in self-reported and provider-reported vision and change in functional limitations associated with vision related to the number of years with eye examinations and other factors.
Persons with more-regular eye examinations between 1994 and 1998 were less likely to have experienced a decline in vision or in functional status between 1994 and 1999. On average, an additional year with an eye examination was associated with a decrease in the probability of becoming unable to read newsprint of 0.12 (P=.03), a lower probability of onset of low vision or blindness of 0.009 (P=.06), and a decrease in the probability that the number of functional limitations increased of 0.13 (P=.002) for IADLs and 0.05 (P=.003) for ADLs.
Elderly persons who have regular eye examinations experience less decline in vision and functional status.
确定定期眼部检查是否与阅读报纸能力丧失率的增加或降低、失明或视力低下的发病，或日常生活工具性活动（IADL）和日常生活活动（ADL）受限的发病有关。
1994年至1999年间观察的14215名医疗保险受益人的样本与1994年和1999年的全国长期护理调查（NLTCS）相关联。使用工具变量评估年度检查的效果。
与医疗保险相关的NLTCS代表1994年至1999年的美国老年人。
对65岁及以上人群的纵向观察研究。
自我报告和提供者报告的视力变化以及与视力相关的功能受限变化，与眼部检查年数和其他因素有关。
1994年至1998年间进行更定期眼部检查的人在1994年至1999年间视力或功能状态下降的可能性较小。平均而言，多进行一年的眼部检查与无法阅读报纸的概率降低0.12（P = 0.03）、视力低下或失明发病概率降低0.009（P = 0.06）以及IADL功能受限数量增加的概率降低0.13（P = 0.002）和ADL功能受限数量增加的概率降低0.05（P = 0.003）相关。
定期进行眼部检查的老年人视力和功能状态下降较少。
