Goffinet A M
Department of Physiology, FUNDP Medical School, Namur, Belgium.
Int J Dev Biol. 1992 Mar;36(1):101-7.
Reeler mutant mice are characterized by profuse anomalies of cell positioning in the telencephalic and cerebellar cortices as well as by distinct malformations in non-cortical structures such as the inferior olive, the facial nerve nucleus and other brainstem nuclei. Studies of the embryonic development of these structures reveal that the early cell patterns formed by reeler neurons is consistently affected, so that the reeler gene plays an important role in the development of nerve cell patterns. Comparative studies of cortical development in reptiles suggest further that the mammalian type of cortical architectonics has been acquired progressively during brain evolution, and reveal some similarities in early cortical organization between reeler and reptilian, particularly chelonian, embryos, most notably the presence of an inverted gradient of cortical histogenesis. These observations point to a possible role of the reeler gene in cortical evolution. Although the factors responsible for the formation of neural cell patterns are largely unknown, most data point to the importance of cell-cell interactions. Cell-interaction molecules have probably been acquired during brain evolution and the reeler gene could act by perturbing, directly or indirectly, such cell interactions. The characterization and thus the cloning of the reeler gene is therefore important for our understanding of brain development. Recent data on the fine chromosomal mapping of the mutation prior to its positional cloning are reported.
“旋转蛋白”突变小鼠的特征是端脑和小脑皮质中的细胞定位存在大量异常，以及非皮质结构如橄榄下核、面神经核和其他脑干核中出现明显畸形。对这些结构胚胎发育的研究表明，由“旋转蛋白”神经元形成的早期细胞模式持续受到影响，因此“旋转蛋白”基因在神经细胞模式的发育中起重要作用。对爬行动物皮质发育的比较研究进一步表明，哺乳动物类型的皮质结构在大脑进化过程中是逐渐获得的，并且揭示了“旋转蛋白”胚胎与爬行动物，特别是龟类胚胎在早期皮质组织上的一些相似性，最显著的是存在皮质组织发生的反向梯度。这些观察结果表明“旋转蛋白”基因在皮质进化中可能发挥作用。尽管负责形成神经细胞模式的因素大多未知，但大多数数据表明细胞间相互作用很重要。细胞相互作用分子可能是在大脑进化过程中获得的，“旋转蛋白”基因可能通过直接或间接干扰这种细胞相互作用来发挥作用。因此，“旋转蛋白”基因的表征及克隆对于我们理解大脑发育很重要。本文报道了在其定位克隆之前该突变精细染色体定位的最新数据。
