Kensara Osama A, Wootton Steve A, Phillips David I, Patel Mayke, Jackson Alan A, Elia Marinos
Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov;82(5):980-7. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.5.980.
Reduced fetal growth is associated with differences in body composition in adult life that may predispose to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Most published data are based on simple anthropometric measures, which incompletely describe body composition.
The objective was to assess body composition and fat distribution by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
This was a case-control study of 64-72-y-old white men (n = 32) with a low (mean: 2.76 kg) or high (mean: 4.23 kg) birth weight.
Compared with the high-birth-weight group, after adjustment for weight and height, the low-birth-weight group had a higher percentage body fat (29.31% compared with 25.33%; P = 0.029) and fat mass (P = 0.039) but a lower fat-free soft tissue (56.32 compared with 59.22 kg; P = 0.024), muscle mass (27.25 compared with 29.22 kg; P = 0.022), and muscle-to-fat ratio. Low birth weight was also associated with a higher trunk-to-limb fat ratio after control for total fat mass (1.42 compared with 1.16; P = 0.005) or percentage body fat (P = 0.041). The same body mass index predicted a greater percentage body fat (P = 0.019) in the low- than in the high-birth-weight group, and the same ratio of trunk-to-limb skinfold thickness (or waist-to-hip ratio) predicted a higher trunk-to-limb fat ratio (P < 0.01).
Lifelong differences in adult body composition and fat distribution between the low- and high-birth-weight groups are consistent with programming in early life. The use of BMI to predict percentage body fat and the use of the trunk-to-limb skinfold thickness ratio (and waist-to-hip ratio) to predict the trunk-to-limb fat ratio measured by DXA can be misleading when low- and high-birth-weight groups are compared.
胎儿生长受限与成年后身体成分差异有关，这可能易患心血管疾病和糖尿病。大多数已发表的数据基于简单的人体测量指标，这些指标并不能完整描述身体成分。
采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）评估身体成分和脂肪分布。
这是一项病例对照研究，研究对象为64 - 72岁的白人男性（n = 32），出生体重低（平均：2.76 kg）或高（平均：4.23 kg）。
与高出生体重组相比，在调整体重和身高后，低出生体重组的体脂百分比更高（分别为29.31%和25.33%；P = 0.029），脂肪量更高（P = 0.039），但去脂软组织更低（分别为56.32和59.22 kg；P = 0.024），肌肉量更低（分别为27.25和29.22 kg；P = 0.022），肌肉与脂肪比率更低。在控制总脂肪量（分别为1.42和1.16；P = 0.005）或体脂百分比（P = 0.041）后，低出生体重还与更高的躯干与四肢脂肪比率有关。相同的体重指数在低出生体重组预测的体脂百分比高于高出生体重组（P = 0.019），相同的躯干与四肢皮褶厚度比率（或腰臀比）预测的躯干与四肢脂肪比率更高（P < 0.01）。
低出生体重组和高出生体重组成年后身体成分和脂肪分布的终生差异与早期生活编程一致。在比较低出生体重组和高出生体重组时，使用体重指数预测体脂百分比以及使用躯干与四肢皮褶厚度比率（和腰臀比）预测通过DXA测量的躯干与四肢脂肪比率可能会产生误导。
