Ständer Sonja, Weisshaar Elke, Steinhof Martin, Luger Thomas A, Metze Dieter
Universitäts-Hautklinik Münster.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2003 Feb;1(2):105-18. doi: 10.1046/j.1610-0387.2003.02023.x.
Pruritus is an unpleasant sensory perception of the skin associated with the desire to scratch. As a physiological nociception, pruritus leads to the removal of harmful agents such as parasites and plants from the skin surface. More often, pruritus occurs as a severe and therapy-refractory symptom of various underlying dermatological and systemic diseases. Comparable to chronic pain, chronic pruritus worsens the general condition and may lead to physical and psychological exhaustion. Until the 1990s, pruritus had been regarded as an incomplete pain sensation. Only recently, itch was defined as a separate, pain-independent sensation with its own mediators, spinal neurons and cortical areas. These observations led to the development of new therapeutic modalities. This paper gives an overview of itch pathophysiology, clinical types and therapies.
瘙痒是一种与搔抓欲望相关的皮肤不适感。作为一种生理性伤害感受，瘙痒可促使诸如寄生虫和植物等有害物质从皮肤表面清除。更常见的是，瘙痒作为各种潜在皮肤病和全身性疾病的一种严重且难治的症状出现。与慢性疼痛类似，慢性瘙痒会使整体状况恶化，并可能导致身心疲惫。直到20世纪90年代，瘙痒一直被视为一种不完整的疼痛感觉。直到最近，瘙痒才被定义为一种独立于疼痛的感觉，有其自身的介质、脊髓神经元和皮层区域。这些发现促成了新治疗方法的发展。本文概述了瘙痒的病理生理学、临床类型及治疗方法。
