多基因家族的协同与生死进化
Concerted and birth-and-death evolution of multigene families.
作者信息
Nei Masatoshi, Rooney Alejandro P
机构信息
Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics and Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
出版信息
Annu Rev Genet. 2005;39:121-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.112240.
Until around 1990, most multigene families were thought to be subject to concerted evolution, in which all member genes of a family evolve as a unit in concert. However, phylogenetic analysis of MHC and other immune system genes showed a quite different evolutionary pattern, and a new model called birth-and-death evolution was proposed. In this model, new genes are created by gene duplication and some duplicate genes stay in the genome for a long time, whereas others are inactivated or deleted from the genome. Later investigations have shown that most non-rRNA genes including highly conserved histone or ubiquitin genes are subject to this type of evolution. However, the controversy over the two models is still continuing because the distinction between the two models becomes difficult when sequence differences are small. Unlike concerted evolution, the model of birth-and-death evolution can give some insights into the origins of new genetic systems or new phenotypic characters.
直到1990年左右，大多数多基因家族被认为受到协同进化的影响，即一个家族的所有成员基因作为一个整体协同进化。然而，对MHC和其他免疫系统基因的系统发育分析显示出一种截然不同的进化模式，于是提出了一种名为生死进化的新模型。在这个模型中，新基因通过基因复制产生，一些复制基因在基因组中保留很长时间，而其他一些则被灭活或从基因组中删除。后来的研究表明，包括高度保守的组蛋白或泛素基因在内的大多数非rRNA基因都经历这种类型的进化。然而，关于这两种模型的争论仍在继续，因为当序列差异很小时，区分这两种模型变得困难。与协同进化不同，生死进化模型可以为新遗传系统或新表型特征的起源提供一些见解。
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