Marques-Vidal Pedro, Ravasco Paula, Ermelinda Camilo Maria
Unidade de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;25(1):14-36. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2005.09.008. Epub 2005 Nov 14.
To assess the relationships between food intake and colorectal cancer risk.
Systematic review of available prospective studies on dietary intake and colorectal cancer.
Twelve out of 15 studies found no significant relationship between vegetable intake and colorectal cancer risk; also, 11 out of 14 studies found no relationship with fruit consumption. Conversely, the combined consumption of vegetables and fruit reduced colorectal cancer risk in three out of six studies, although the relationship was somewhat inconsistent between genders and anatomical localizations. Most studies found no relationship between cancer risk and red meat (15 in 20) or processed meat (seven out of 11) consumption; still, most of the reported relative risks were above unity, suggesting that high consumption of red or processed meat might increase colorectal cancer risk. The consumption of white meat, fish/seafood, dairy products, coffee or tea was mostly unrelated to colorectal cancer risk, although the consumption of smoked or salted fish actually increased risk.
The relationships between dietary intake and colorectal cancer risk might be less important than previously reported. The combined consumption of vegetables and fruit might be protective, whereas excessive consumption of meat or smoked/salted/processed food appears to be deleterious.
评估食物摄入量与结直肠癌风险之间的关系。
对关于饮食摄入与结直肠癌的现有前瞻性研究进行系统综述。
15项研究中有12项发现蔬菜摄入量与结直肠癌风险之间无显著关系；同样，14项研究中有11项发现水果摄入量与之无关。相反，在6项研究中有3项发现蔬菜和水果的联合摄入降低了结直肠癌风险，尽管这种关系在性别和解剖部位之间存在一定的不一致。大多数研究发现癌症风险与红肉（20项中有15项）或加工肉类（11项中有7项）的摄入量无关；不过，大多数报告的相对风险高于1，这表明大量摄入红肉或加工肉类可能会增加结直肠癌风险。白肉、鱼/海鲜、乳制品、咖啡或茶的摄入量大多与结直肠癌风险无关，尽管烟熏或咸鱼的摄入实际上会增加风险。
饮食摄入量与结直肠癌风险之间的关系可能不如先前报道的那么重要。蔬菜和水果的联合摄入可能具有保护作用，而过量摄入肉类或烟熏/腌制/加工食品似乎有害。
