Narici M V, Maganaris C, Reeves N
Institute for Biophysical and Clinical Research into Human Movement (IRM), Manchester Metropolitan University, MMU Cheshire, Alsager Campus, Alsager, UK.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2005 Dec;15(6):392-401. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00458.x.
The loss of muscle mass associated with ageing only partly explains the observed decline in muscle strength. This paper provides evidence of the contribution of muscular, tendinous and neural alterations to muscle weakness in old age and discusses the complex interplay between the changes of the contractile tissue with those of the tendinous tissue in relation to the mechanical behavior of the muscle as a whole. Despite the considerable structural and functional alterations, the elderly musculoskeletal system displays remarkable adaptability to training in old age and many of these adverse effects may be substantially mitigated, if not reversed, by resistive loading. The interplay between these muscular and tendinous adaptations has an impact both on the length-force and force-velocity relationships of the muscle and is likely to affect the range of motion, rate of force development, maximum force development and speed of movement of the older individual.
与衰老相关的肌肉质量流失只能部分解释所观察到的肌肉力量下降。本文提供了肌肉、肌腱和神经改变对老年人肌肉无力的影响的证据，并讨论了收缩组织变化与肌腱组织变化之间的复杂相互作用，以及它们与整个肌肉力学行为的关系。尽管存在相当多的结构和功能改变，但老年人的肌肉骨骼系统在老年时对训练表现出显著的适应性，并且如果通过阻力负荷不能完全逆转，许多这些不利影响也可能会得到显著缓解。这些肌肉和肌腱适应性之间的相互作用对肌肉的长度-力和力-速度关系都有影响，并且可能会影响老年人的运动范围、力量发展速度、最大力量发展和运动速度。
