适应性体育活动在预防肌肉减少症不良影响中的作用。一项初步研究。
Role of adapted physical activity to prevent the adverse effects of the sarcopenia. A pilot study.
作者信息
Marini Mirca, Sarchielli Erica, Brogi Lucia, Lazzeri Renzo, Salerno Roberto, Sgambati Eleonora, Monaci Marco
机构信息
Department of Anatomy Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
出版信息
Ital J Anat Embryol. 2008 Oct-Dec;113(4):217-25.
Sarcopenia is the physiological age related decline in muscle mass and strength. It is a main cause of muscle weakness and reduced locomotory ability and its adverse effects contributes to a reduction in physical function and performance with decreased independence and quality of life. In fact, sarcopenia has been associated with disability and morbidity in the elderly population. Therefore, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia are areas of intense interest. The studies suggest that the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifactorial, but the decreased physical activity with aging appears to be a key factor involved in producing this pathology. We investigated the role of adapted physical activity on the adverse effects of the sarcopenia: we examined the effect of a specific resistance training program in twenty sedentary older men, 60-80 years old, with sarcopenia. The program was performed three days a week for 18 total weeks with isotonic machines; in particular the exercises effected with leg press, chest press and vertical row were monitored using a Globus-Tesys dynamometer with Real Power. The maximum repetition test (1RM) was used to calculate the percentage of work and formulate the methodology. Our results demonstrated that the proposed training can improve the dynamic characteristics of muscle strength. In particular, we showed that a medium-low intensity training, structured in series and repetitions with gradual increased workload, produced a time-dependent improvement of strength. Our training increased the muscle strength mainly in the lower limbs reducing the risk of falls which frequently occurs in the elderly. Therefore, a planned resistance training could be an effective countermeasure to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of the sarcopenia improving the quality of life. The physical activity should be personalized and adapted to subject's age and/or disability.
肌肉减少症是与生理年龄相关的肌肉质量和力量下降。它是肌肉无力和运动能力降低的主要原因,其不良影响会导致身体功能和表现下降,独立性和生活质量降低。事实上,肌肉减少症与老年人群的残疾和发病有关。因此,肌肉减少症的预防和治疗是备受关注的领域。研究表明,肌肉减少症的发病机制是多因素的,但随着年龄增长身体活动减少似乎是导致这种病理状况的关键因素。我们研究了适应性体育活动对肌肉减少症不良影响的作用:我们在20名60至80岁久坐不动且患有肌肉减少症的老年男性中,研究了特定抗阻训练计划的效果。该计划每周进行三天,共持续18周,使用等张器械;特别是使用带有实时功率的Globus-Tesys测力计监测腿举、胸推和垂直划船运动。采用最大重复次数测试(1RM)来计算工作量百分比并制定方法。我们的结果表明,所提出的训练可以改善肌肉力量的动态特征。特别是,我们发现,以系列和重复方式构建、工作量逐渐增加的中低强度训练,会使力量随时间推移得到改善。我们的训练主要增加了下肢肌肉力量,降低了老年人中经常发生的跌倒风险。因此,有计划的抗阻训练可能是预防或减少肌肉减少症不良影响、改善生活质量的有效对策。体育活动应个性化,并适应个体的年龄和/或残疾状况。