Hsu Yung-Fong
Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Br J Math Stat Psychol. 2005 Nov;58(Pt 2):259-84. doi: 10.1348/000711005X62774.
Kornblum's time estimation paradigm, together with the so-called 'race model', provides an appealing alternative for measuring the 'cut-off' which separates 'true' reaction times from anticipatory reaction times. However, the model is not precise enough to reveal the relation between the signal intensity and the 'cut-off'. Accordingly, Kornblum's model is extended with an emphasis on the measure of the 'cut-off'. Another aspect of the extension is to use a parametric method to analyse the data. In particular, it is assumed that the time estimation-induced latency is gamma distributed and the signal-induced latency is Weibull distributed, with the latter shifted by the 'cut-off'. The rationale behind the parametric assumption is discussed. For illustrative purposes, two pieces of experimental work are presented. Since the core of the race model is the assumption of an independent race between the time estimation process and the detection process, the first experiment tests whether, for the same signal intensity, the signal-induced latency distribution is invariant across different time intervals; the second experiment tests whether, for the same time interval, the time estimation-induced latency distribution is invariant across different signal intensity conditions. The data from the second experiment are also used to test various parametric assumptions in the model, which include the signal effect on the 'cut-off'. The new model fits the data well.
科恩布卢姆的时间估计范式，连同所谓的“竞争模型”，为测量区分“真实”反应时间和预期反应时间的“临界值”提供了一种有吸引力的替代方法。然而，该模型不够精确，无法揭示信号强度与“临界值”之间的关系。因此，科恩布卢姆的模型得到了扩展，重点在于“临界值”的测量。扩展的另一个方面是使用参数方法来分析数据。具体而言，假设时间估计引起的潜伏期呈伽马分布，信号引起的潜伏期呈威布尔分布，后者因“临界值”而发生偏移。讨论了参数假设背后的基本原理。为了说明目的，展示了两项实验工作。由于竞争模型的核心是时间估计过程和检测过程之间独立竞争的假设，第一个实验测试对于相同的信号强度，信号引起的潜伏期分布在不同时间间隔内是否不变；第二个实验测试对于相同的时间间隔，时间估计引起的潜伏期分布在不同信号强度条件下是否不变。第二个实验的数据还用于测试模型中的各种参数假设，包括信号对“临界值”的影响。新模型与数据拟合良好。
