Rich Cindy L, Gidycz Christine A, Warkentin Jennifer B, Loh Catherine, Weiland Paul
Christian Counseling Center, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2005 Dec;29(12):1373-94. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.07.003. Epub 2005 Nov 15.
We investigated the possible reciprocal relationship between victimization experiences and psychological functioning by assessing abuse experiences in childhood, adolescence, and during a 2-month follow-up period.
At the beginning of the study (Time 1), abuse histories, trauma and depressive symptoms, and interpersonal functioning were assessed in 551 college women. Subsequent victimization experiences and psychological outcomes were assessed at the follow-up (Time 2).
Path analyses indicated that verbal abuse by the mother and father were predictive of various psychological outcomes as measured at Time 1 and emerged as the only significant predictors of adolescent dating violence. Adolescent dating violence subsequently predicted the experience of dating violence during the 2-month follow-up period. Paternal physical abuse predicted adolescent sexual victimization which subsequently predicted all symptom measures at Time 1. Conversely, the experience of adolescent physical dating violence was not predictive of any of the symptom measures at Time 1. For those women who experienced dating violence during the follow-up, however, the severity of their abusive experiences was related to both depression and interpersonal problems assessed at Time 2. In comparison, for those women who experienced sexual victimization during the follow-up period, the severity of their abusive experiences was related to trauma symptoms. Interpersonal problems emerged as both an aftereffect of adolescent sexual victimization experience and a predictor of a subsequent sexual victimization experience during the follow-up.
Given that emotional abuse emerged as a predictor of adolescent dating violence and psychological outcomes, researchers and clinicians need to continue to explore this problem. Further, it is important to assess how interpersonal problems contribute to the risk of subsequent sexual victimization and to try to break the cycle between adolescent abuse experiences and subsequent physical and sexual assaults.
通过评估童年、青少年时期以及为期2个月的随访期间的虐待经历，我们研究了受害经历与心理功能之间可能存在的相互关系。
在研究开始时（时间1），对551名大学女生的虐待史、创伤和抑郁症状以及人际功能进行了评估。在随访时（时间2）评估了随后的受害经历和心理结果。
路径分析表明，母亲和父亲的言语虐待可预测时间1时所测量的各种心理结果，并且是青少年约会暴力的唯一显著预测因素。青少年约会暴力随后预测了2个月随访期间的约会暴力经历。父亲的身体虐待预测了青少年性受害，而青少年性受害随后预测了时间1时的所有症状指标。相反，青少年身体约会暴力经历并不能预测时间1时的任何症状指标。然而，对于那些在随访期间经历过约会暴力的女性来说，她们受虐经历的严重程度与时间2时评估的抑郁和人际问题都有关。相比之下，对于那些在随访期间经历过性受害的女性来说，她们受虐经历的严重程度与创伤症状有关。人际问题既是青少年性受害经历的后遗症，也是随访期间后续性受害经历的预测因素。
鉴于情感虐待是青少年约会暴力和心理结果的预测因素，研究人员和临床医生需要继续探索这个问题。此外，评估人际问题如何导致后续性受害风险并试图打破青少年虐待经历与后续身体和性侵犯之间的循环非常重要。
