Riemann Helge, Schwarz Thomas, Grabbe Stephan
Universitätshautklinik Münster.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2003 Aug;1(8):613-9.
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a T-cell mediated, antigen-specific inflammatory response to repeated epicutaneous exposure to haptens. Two immunologically distinct sequential steps are required to produce the clinical picture of ACD. In the sensitization phase, naïve antigen-specific T cells are primed and differentiate into memory or effector T cells. In the elicitation phase, reapplication of the same hapten leads to local recruitment of hapten-specific T cells which are cytotoxic, release cytokines and recruit other inflammatory cells. These events lead to clinically visible tissue inflammation characterized by edema, erythema, scaling, and blistering. For the clinician, the effector phase is especially important, because sensitization is generally asymptomatic, whereas elicitation produces the clinical picture of ACD. Detailed knowledge about the mechanisms of the elicitation phase of ACD is needed in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
过敏性接触性皮炎（ACD）是一种由T细胞介导的、针对反复经皮暴露于半抗原的抗原特异性炎症反应。产生ACD临床表现需要两个免疫上不同的连续步骤。在致敏阶段，幼稚的抗原特异性T细胞被激活并分化为记忆或效应T细胞。在激发阶段，再次应用相同的半抗原会导致半抗原特异性T细胞的局部募集，这些T细胞具有细胞毒性，释放细胞因子并募集其他炎症细胞。这些事件导致临床上可见的组织炎症，其特征为水肿、红斑、脱屑和水疱形成。对于临床医生而言，效应阶段尤为重要，因为致敏通常无症状，而激发则产生ACD的临床表现。为了开发新的治疗方法，需要详细了解ACD激发阶段的机制。
