Scardina Giusseppe A, Messina Pietro
University of Palermo, Department of Odontostomatological Science "G. Messina", via Del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Am J Dent. 2005 Aug;18(4):301-4.
To analyze the gingival characteristics of microcirculation in vivo and to evaluate the effects of smoking by means of computerised videocapillaroscopic techniques.
35 healthy non-smokers and 35 healthy smokers were examined. The characteristics of gingival microcirculation were examined using computerized videomicroscopic techniques. For each subject, visibility, course, tortuosity and any images characteristic of capillary loops, besides the possible presence of microhemorrhages, the average caliber of the capillary loops and the number of capillary loops visible per square millimeter were evaluated. The investigation was non-invasive and repeatable for each subject.
The investigation of gingival mucosa revealed capillary loops with a course both parallel and perpendicular to the surface: close to marginal gingiva, the tops of the capillary loops often appeared as evenly distributed dots or commas; close to the papilla, microcirculation more frequently ran parallel to the surface, and its characteristics were similar to nail microcirculation. In smokers, it was possible to underline capillaries of a smaller caliber (P< 0.001) and a higher number of detectable capillaries (P< 0.001). An important correlation between the capillary tortuosity, close to the papilla, and the smoking habit (P< 0.001) was observed. This study has shown that the smoking habit represents a real risk factor for periodontal disease, which greatly affects microcirculation.
运用计算机视频毛细血管镜技术分析体内牙龈微循环特征并评估吸烟的影响。
对35名健康非吸烟者和35名健康吸烟者进行检查。采用计算机视频显微镜技术检查牙龈微循环特征。对于每个受试者，评估毛细血管袢的可见性、走行、迂曲度以及任何特征性图像，此外还评估是否存在微出血、毛细血管袢的平均管径以及每平方毫米可见的毛细血管袢数量。该调查对每个受试者均为非侵入性且可重复。
牙龈黏膜检查显示毛细血管袢的走行既有与表面平行的，也有垂直的：靠近边缘龈处，毛细血管袢的顶端常呈现为均匀分布的点状或逗号状；靠近乳头处，微循环更常与表面平行，其特征与甲床微循环相似。在吸烟者中，可以观察到管径较小的毛细血管（P<0.001）以及可检测到的毛细血管数量较多（P<0.001）。观察到靠近乳头处的毛细血管迂曲度与吸烟习惯之间存在重要相关性（P<0.001）。本研究表明，吸烟习惯是牙周疾病的一个真正危险因素，对微循环有很大影响。
