Palomäki H, Partinen M, Erkinjuntti T, Kaste M
Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Neurology. 1992 Jul;42(7 Suppl 6):75-81; discussion 82.
Increasing evidence suggests that snoring and sleep apnea are associated with cerebrovascular diseases. Several other factors may be involved in this association because many established or potential risk factors for stroke are related to snoring and sleep apnea. These include arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, age, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Recent epidemiologic and clinical studies indicate, however, that snoring can increase the risk of stroke independently of these confounding factors. Accumulating epidemiologic evidence of long-term harmful effects of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome appears to be related to increasing vascular morbidity and mortality. Potential mediators among snoring, obstructive sleep apneas, and stroke include cardiac arrhythmias and other hemodynamic disturbances, increased levels of catecholamines, and disturbances in cerebral blood flow caused by sleep apneas, as well as hypoxemic periods that may potentiate atherosclerosis.
越来越多的证据表明，打鼾和睡眠呼吸暂停与脑血管疾病有关。这种关联可能涉及其他几个因素，因为许多已确定的或潜在的中风危险因素都与打鼾和睡眠呼吸暂停有关。这些因素包括动脉高血压、冠心病、年龄、肥胖、吸烟和饮酒。然而，最近的流行病学和临床研究表明，打鼾可独立于这些混杂因素增加中风风险。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征长期有害影响的流行病学证据不断积累，这似乎与血管发病率和死亡率增加有关。打鼾、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和中风之间的潜在中介因素包括心律失常和其他血液动力学紊乱、儿茶酚胺水平升高、睡眠呼吸暂停引起的脑血流紊乱，以及可能加剧动脉粥样硬化的低氧期。
