Akuta Teruo, Zaki Mohammad Hasan, Yoshitake Jun, Okamoto Tatsuya, Akaike Takaaki
Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
Nitric Oxide. 2006 Mar;14(2):101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2005.10.004. Epub 2005 Nov 23.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively, mediate oxidative and nitrative stresses by means of oxidation and nitration of various biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. We have observed nitric oxide (NO)-dependent formation of 8-nitroguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine during microbial infection, and we determined that both 8-nitroguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine are useful biomarkers of nitrative stress. Of importance, however, is the great difference in biological characteristics of these two nitrated compounds. 8-Nitroguanosine has unique biochemical and pharmacological properties such as redox activity and mutagenic potential, which 3-nitrotyrosine does not. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of nitrative stress occurring during microbial infections, with special emphasis on biological functions of 8-nitroguanosine formed via NO during the host response to pathogens. These findings provide insights into NO-mediated pathogenesis not only of viral infections but also of many other diseases.
活性氧和氮物种分别通过氧化和硝化包括蛋白质、脂质和核酸在内的各种生物分子来介导氧化应激和硝化应激。我们已经观察到在微生物感染期间一氧化氮（NO）依赖性地形成8-硝基鸟苷和3-硝基酪氨酸，并且我们确定8-硝基鸟苷和3-硝基酪氨酸都是硝化应激的有用生物标志物。然而，重要的是这两种硝化化合物在生物学特性上存在很大差异。8-硝基鸟苷具有独特的生化和药理特性，如氧化还原活性和诱变潜力，而3-硝基酪氨酸则没有。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了微生物感染期间发生的硝化应激机制，特别强调了在宿主对病原体的反应中通过NO形成的8-硝基鸟苷的生物学功能。这些发现不仅为病毒感染，也为许多其他疾病的NO介导的发病机制提供了见解。
