Rietveld Simon, van Beest Ilja, Prins Pier J M
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Asthma. 2005 Nov;42(9):725-30. doi: 10.1080/02770900500306472.
The impact of a chronic disease on the emotional well-being of children and adolescents is controversial in the literature. This study tested the hypotheses that 1) a specific approach is required to assess emotional deviations in adolescents with chronic diseases and 2) specific anxiety symptoms are predictive of excessive somatic symptoms.
Emotional and somatic symptoms were measured in four groups, selected from a community sample of 897 adolescents: 32 with asthma, 20 with other severe chronic diseases, 30 with median scores (the true comparison group), and 29 with minimal scores on common measures of trait anxiety and depression.
The asthma and chronic disease groups scored not significantly higher than the true comparison group on trait anxiety, depression, negative affectivity, five anxiety syndromes, anxiety-related physical, and miscellaneous somatic symptoms. The asthma and chronic disease groups scored only higher than the true comparison group on panic attacks and respiration symptoms. Regression analyses showed that severity of asthma was no significant factor, and the minimal group scored consistently lower than the other groups, except on physical injury fears. There were no group differences in positive affect. Girls scored higher than boys on specific anxiety syndromes (except on obsessive-compulsive disorder) and also on respiration symptoms.
Adolescents with severe chronic diseases deviated from a true comparison control group on panic attacks, but not on other negative and positive emotions.
慢性病对儿童和青少年情绪健康的影响在文献中存在争议。本研究检验了以下假设：1）需要一种特定方法来评估患有慢性病的青少年的情绪偏差；2）特定的焦虑症状可预测过度的躯体症状。
从897名青少年的社区样本中选取四组，测量其情绪和躯体症状：32名患有哮喘，20名患有其他严重慢性病，30名得分居中（真正的对照组），以及29名在特质焦虑和抑郁的常见测量指标上得分最低。
哮喘组和慢性病组在特质焦虑、抑郁、消极情感、五种焦虑综合征、与焦虑相关的身体症状和其他躯体症状方面的得分并不显著高于真正的对照组。哮喘组和慢性病组仅在惊恐发作和呼吸症状方面得分高于真正的对照组。回归分析表明，哮喘严重程度不是显著因素，得分最低的组除了在对身体受伤的恐惧方面外，得分始终低于其他组。在积极情感方面没有组间差异。女孩在特定焦虑综合征（除强迫症外）以及呼吸症状方面得分高于男孩。
患有严重慢性病的青少年在惊恐发作方面与真正的对照控制组存在偏差，但在其他消极和积极情绪方面不存在偏差。
