Schnare Markus, Rollinghoff Martin, Qureshi Salman
Institute for Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2006;139(1):75-85. doi: 10.1159/000090001. Epub 2005 Nov 25.
Innate immunity provides a first line of host defence against infection through microbial recognition and killing while simultaneously activating a definitive adaptive immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are principal mediators of rapid microbial recognition and function mainly by detection of structural patterns that do not exist in the host. TLR2 and TLR4 were the first members of this innate immune receptor family to be strongly implicated in antibacterial host defence. Following the initial description of the mammalian TLR family, susceptibility to infection with numerous human microbial pathogens has been intensively studied using mice with engineered deletions of each of these molecules. While it has become quite clear that TLR activation is necessary for optimal host defence, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which this family of pattern recognition receptors engages protective immunity, particularly the adaptive response, is still evolving.
固有免疫通过微生物识别和杀伤提供宿主抵御感染的第一道防线，同时激活明确的适应性免疫反应。Toll样受体（TLR）是快速微生物识别的主要介质，主要通过检测宿主中不存在的结构模式发挥作用。TLR2和TLR4是这个固有免疫受体家族中最早被强烈认为与抗菌宿主防御有关的成员。在首次描述哺乳动物TLR家族之后，利用对这些分子进行工程缺失的小鼠，对感染多种人类微生物病原体的易感性进行了深入研究。虽然很明显TLR激活对于最佳宿主防御是必要的，但对这个模式识别受体家族参与保护性免疫，特别是适应性反应的机制的全面理解仍在不断发展。
