Mastrangelo Domenico, Loré Cosimo
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Siena, Italy.
Med Sci Monit. 2005 Dec;11(12):SR27-31. Epub 2005 Nov 24.
Throughout its over 200-year history, homeopathy has been proven effective in treating diseases for which conventional medicine has little to offer. However, given its low cost, homeopathy has always represented a serious challenge and a constant threat to the profits of drug companies. Moreover, since drug companies represent the most relevant source of funding for biomedical research worldwide, they are in a privileged position to finance detractive campaigns against homeopathy by manipulating the media as well as academic institutions and the medical establishment. The basic argument against homeopathy is that in some controlled clinical trials (CCTs), comparison with conventional treatments shows that its effects are not superior to those of placebo. Against this thesis we argue that a) CCT methodology cannot be applied to homeopathy, b) misconduct and fraud are common in CCTs, c) adverse drug reactions and side effects show that CCT methodology is deeply flawed, d) an accurate testing of homeopathic remedies requires more sophisticated techniques, e) the placebo effect is no more "plausible" than homeopathy, and its real nature is still unexplained, and f) the placebo effect is nevertheless a "cure" and, as such, worthy of further investigation and analysis. It is concluded that no arguments presently exist against homeopathy and that the recurrent campaigns against it represent the specific interests of the pharmaceutical industry which, in this way, strives to protect its profits from the "threat" of a safer, more effective, and much less expensive treatment modality.
在其200多年的历史中,顺势疗法已被证明在治疗传统医学几乎无能为力的疾病方面是有效的。然而,由于顺势疗法成本低廉,它一直对制药公司的利润构成严峻挑战和持续威胁。此外,由于制药公司是全球生物医学研究最主要的资金来源,它们处于有利地位,可以通过操纵媒体、学术机构和医疗机构来资助诋毁顺势疗法的活动。反对顺势疗法的基本论点是,在一些对照临床试验(CCT)中,与传统治疗方法相比,其效果并不优于安慰剂。针对这一论点,我们认为:a)CCT方法不能应用于顺势疗法;b)CCT中不当行为和欺诈行为很常见;c)药物不良反应和副作用表明CCT方法存在严重缺陷;d)对顺势疗法药物进行准确测试需要更复杂的技术;e)安慰剂效应并不比顺势疗法更“可信”,其真正性质仍未得到解释;f)然而,安慰剂效应是一种“治愈”方式,因此值得进一步研究和分析。结论是,目前不存在反对顺势疗法的论据,针对它的反复诋毁活动代表了制药行业的特殊利益,该行业试图以此保护其利润免受一种更安全、更有效且成本低得多的治疗方式的“威胁”。