Möllers G, Schaffer J
Fachgebiet Geschichte, Museum und Archiv der Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2005 Oct;112(10):386-92.
In 1998 there were only twelve Jewish veterinarians known who practised in Germany between 1918 and 1945. 133 of them have now been found. Most of the Jewish veterinarians had their roots in merchant families and were general practitioners in the countryside. To be "Jewish" did not concern until 1933. Compared with the other medical professionals like human medical professionals (10,9 %), in 1933 the number of Jewish veterinarians was low (1,6 %, whole German Jewish population 0,77 %). Right with the beginning of the National Socialistic rule Jewish veterinarians were exposed to different forms of harassment. Soon after, on April 7th 1933, with the so-called Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums (BBG; law for the restoration of civil service), the prosecution took on an official quality. The Reichstierärztekammer (Chamber of veterinary service) was very eager to Aryanize the German veterinary service. The BBG made the Jewish veterinarians who worked in public positions lose their jobs with the single exception of those who had the status of a so-called "Frontkämpfer" (a soldier who fought at the frontline during World War I). Many of the Jewish veterinarians who were still in Germany in November 1938 were arrested after the pogrom of November 9/10th and kept in concentration camps and prisons for about one month. The few students of veterinary medicine who already had started their studies in 1933 still could make their exams in Germany, but they did not get a licence. On January 31st 1939 all Jewish veterinarians in Germany lost their licence. 55 Jewish vets managed to emigrate in time. Nineteen German Jewish Veterinarians died in concentration camps and ghettos. Two are known to have committed suicide. Until 1997, there was no act of appreciation or rehabilitation of German Jewish veterinarians. In 2003 the degrees of two Jewish veterinarians, Hermann Cussel and Paul Stern, were renewed posthumously by the Hanover School of Veterinary Medicine, while the President of the school also apologized for any injustice which was done by the school during the time of National Socialism.
1998年，已知在1918年至1945年间在德国执业的犹太兽医仅有12名。如今已找到其中133名。大多数犹太兽医出身于商人家庭，是乡村的全科医生。直到1933年，“犹太身份”才成为问题。与其他医学专业人士（如人类医学专业人士占10.9%）相比，1933年犹太兽医的数量较少（占1.6%，德国犹太总人口为0.77%）。随着纳粹统治的开始，犹太兽医立即遭到了各种形式的骚扰。此后不久，1933年4月7日，随着所谓的《职业公务员恢复法》（BBG）出台，这种迫害具有了官方性质。德国兽医协会（Reichstierärztekammer）急于将德国兽医行业进行纳粹化改造。《职业公务员恢复法》使得在公共部门工作的犹太兽医失去了工作，唯一的例外是那些具有所谓“前线战士”身份的人（即第一次世界大战期间在前线作战的士兵）。1938年11月仍留在德国的许多犹太兽医在11月9日至10日的大屠杀后被捕，并被关押在集中营和监狱约一个月。1933年就已开始学习兽医的少数学生仍能在德国参加考试，但他们没有获得执照。1939年1月31日，德国所有犹太兽医都失去了执照。55名犹太兽医设法及时移民。19名德国犹太兽医死于集中营和犹太人聚居区。已知有两人自杀。直到1997年，都没有对德国犹太兽医表示赞赏或平反的举动。2003年，汉诺威兽医学院追授了两位犹太兽医赫尔曼·库塞尔（Hermann Cussel）和保罗·施特恩（Paul Stern）的学位，同时该校校长也为纳粹时期学校所犯下的任何不公行为道歉。
