Pediatric Division, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel.
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2021 Mar;23(3):165-168.
In April 1937 it was forbidden for German Jewish students to sit for examinations. However, a few Jewish medical students were able to continue studying at Berlin University. The order to expel all Jewish students from German Universities was published on the morning after Kristallnacht (November 1938) and was strictly imposed.
To identity the last Jewish medical students who managed, in spite of the severe restrictions, to continue their study and apply for the examinations in Berlin from summer 1937 through 1938.
Reviews of the dissertations written in the medical faculty of Berlin during 1937-1938 identified the Jewish students. We presented their demographic and academic characteristics.
Sixteen Jewish students were identified: six Germans, six Americans, and four Eastern Europeans. Their average age was 18.7 ± 1.0 years, 22.5 ± 2.0 years, and 20.8 ± 2.5 years, respectively. The last Jewish student took the exams in July 1938 and submitted a thesis one month later. One German student was half Jewish. Five gained the rights to take the examinations as foreign students by renouncing their German citizenship. They were the main group affected by the government's restrictions. The American and the Eastern European students were more protected by law.
Each of those groups had different academic careers. The Americans were the last Jewish students allowed to study in Germany. It seems that they were less aware of the national socialist atmosphere in the medical faculty in Berlin during 1937-1938.
1937 年 4 月，德国犹太学生被禁止参加考试。然而，仍有少数犹太医学生得以继续在柏林大学学习。驱逐所有德国大学犹太学生的命令是在水晶之夜（1938 年 11 月）后的第二天早上发布的，并被严格执行。
确定在 1937 年夏季至 1938 年期间，尽管面临严格限制，仍设法继续学习并申请在柏林参加考试的最后几名犹太医学生。
回顾了 1937-1938 年柏林医学院的论文，确定了犹太学生。我们介绍了他们的人口统计学和学术特征。
共确定了 16 名犹太学生：6 名德国人、6 名美国人、4 名东欧人。他们的平均年龄分别为 18.7±1.0 岁、22.5±2.0 岁和 20.8±2.5 岁。最后一名犹太学生于 1938 年 7 月参加考试，一个月后提交论文。有 1 名德国学生有一半犹太血统。5 名学生通过放弃德国国籍而获得作为外国学生参加考试的权利。他们是受政府限制影响的主要群体。美国和东欧学生受到更多法律保护。
这些群体中的每一个都有不同的学术生涯。美国人是最后一批被允许在德国学习的犹太学生。他们似乎对 1937-1938 年柏林医学院的纳粹氛围不太了解。
