Mooney Mary, Nolan Louise
School of Nursing and Midwifery Studies, University of Dublin, Trinity College, 24 D'Olier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Nurse Educ Today. 2006 Apr;26(3):240-4. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2005.10.004. Epub 2005 Dec 5.
Nursing has been perceived as oppressed by virtue of among other things gender, occupation and class. It has been suggested that historically, nursing education perpetuated the rituals of tradition and was oppressive in terms of what was taught and how it was taught. Developments in nurse education have resulted in nurse educators seeking alternative means of educating, with the aim of emancipating nurses. Paulo Freire (1921-1997) promoted liberation through reflection and action, directed at transforming the conditions which lead to oppression. The fundamental basis of this approach is critical social theory, which is underpinned by the philosophy that social phenomena must be understood in terms of their context and history. From a critical social theory perspective, fruitful nursing education will only be possible if the history and structure of nursing are clearly understood by those involved in the educational process. We contend that the adoption of Freire's theory in nursing education may contribute towards the development of nurses who will be competent to meet the demands of contemporary healthcare practice. However, the application of this theory to nursing education can be challenging because of constraints imposed by the system in which nurse education takes place. It is therefore important that the application of critical social theory in nurse education be evaluated.
护理在性别、职业和阶层等诸多方面被视为受到压迫。有人认为，从历史角度看，护理教育延续了传统的惯例，并且在教学内容和教学方式上具有压迫性。护理教育的发展促使护理教育工作者寻求其他教育方式，旨在解放护士。保罗·弗莱雷（1921 - 1997）倡导通过反思和行动实现解放，目标是改变导致压迫的状况。这种方法的根本基础是批判社会理论，其哲学基础是社会现象必须依据其背景和历史来理解。从批判社会理论的角度来看，只有参与教育过程的人清楚了解护理的历史和结构，富有成效的护理教育才有可能实现。我们认为，在护理教育中采用弗莱雷的理论可能有助于培养出有能力满足当代医疗保健实践需求的护士。然而，由于护理教育所处系统的限制，将该理论应用于护理教育可能具有挑战性。因此，评估批判社会理论在护理教育中的应用非常重要。
