Ardite Esther, Peinado Víctor I, Rabinovich Roberto A, Fernández-Checa José C, Roca Josep, Barberà Joan A
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Respir Med. 2006 Jul;100(7):1186-94. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.10.023. Epub 2005 Dec 5.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with systemic effects including reduced body weight, oxidative stress and altered circulating TNFalpha levels. The present study was aimed to investigate whether chronic exposure to cigarette smoke induces these systemic changes in a guinea pig model. Seven animals/group were exposed to the smoke of seven cigarettes/day, 5 days/week, during 2, 4 and 6 months (chronic exposure). Three animals/group were sacrificed immediately, 3 h or 24 h after exposure to seven cigarettes (acute exposure). Chronically smoke-exposed animals exhibited lower body weight gain, starting at 5th week, and goblet cell metaplasia in small bronchioles. At 6 months there was a trend for increased plasma and lung tissue TNFalpha levels. No changes, neither in skeletal muscle glutathione (GSH) nor in plasma lipid peroxidation, were observed at any time point after chronic exposure. However, skeletal muscle GSH decreased and plasma lipid peroxidation increased immediately after acute smoke exposure, equaling control levels thereafter. We conclude that cigarette smoke exposure in the guinea pig induces a transient and repeated oxidative effect, which might result in impaired systemic metabolism and consequent failure of smoke-exposed animals to gain weight. The effects of cigarette smoke on body weight antecede and appear to be independent from the alterations produced in small airways.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病与包括体重减轻、氧化应激和循环肿瘤坏死因子α水平改变在内的全身效应相关。本研究旨在调查在豚鼠模型中，长期接触香烟烟雾是否会引发这些全身变化。每组7只动物，在2个月、4个月和6个月期间（长期暴露），每周5天，每天暴露于7支香烟的烟雾中。每组3只动物在暴露于7支香烟后立即、3小时或24小时处死（急性暴露）。长期暴露于烟雾的动物从第5周开始体重增加较低，并且细支气管出现杯状细胞化生。6个月时，血浆和肺组织肿瘤坏死因子α水平有升高趋势。长期暴露后，在任何时间点均未观察到骨骼肌谷胱甘肽（GSH）或血浆脂质过氧化的变化。然而，急性烟雾暴露后骨骼肌GSH立即下降，血浆脂质过氧化增加，此后等于对照水平。我们得出结论，豚鼠暴露于香烟烟雾会诱导短暂且反复的氧化效应，这可能导致全身代谢受损，进而使暴露于烟雾的动物体重增加失败。香烟烟雾对体重的影响先于且似乎独立于小气道产生的改变。
