Stanley David
USDA/ARS, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri 65203, USA.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2006;51:25-44. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151021.
Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. These compounds are well known for their important actions in mammalian physiology and disease. Recent work has revealed the presence and biological actions of eicosanoids in insects and many other invertebrate animals. In insects, eicosanoids mediate cellular immunity to microbial and metazoan challenge. Notably, some infectious organisms secrete factors responsible for impairing host insect immune reactions by inhibiting biosynthesis of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids also act in insect reproductive biology, in ion transport physiology, and in fever response to infection as well as in protein exocytosis in tick salivary glands. Aside from ongoing actions in homeostasis, certain eicosanoid actions occur at crucial points in insect life histories, such as during infectious challenge and important events in reproduction.
前列腺素和其他类二十烷酸是某些多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化代谢产物。这些化合物因其在哺乳动物生理学和疾病中的重要作用而广为人知。最近的研究表明，类二十烷酸在昆虫和许多其他无脊椎动物中也存在并具有生物学作用。在昆虫中，类二十烷酸介导对微生物和后生动物挑战的细胞免疫。值得注意的是，一些传染性生物体分泌的因子可通过抑制类二十烷酸的生物合成来损害宿主昆虫的免疫反应。类二十烷酸还在昆虫生殖生物学、离子运输生理学、对感染的发热反应以及蜱唾液腺中的蛋白质胞吐作用中发挥作用。除了在体内平衡中持续发挥作用外，某些类二十烷酸的作用还发生在昆虫生命历程的关键节点，例如在感染挑战期间和繁殖中的重要事件期间。
