Follett Peter A, Neven Lisa G
US. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2006;51:359-85. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123314.
With world trade in agricultural commodities increasing, the introduction of exotic insects into new areas where they become pests will increase. The development and application of quarantine treatments or other mitigation approaches to prevent pest introduction in traded commodities raise many research and regulatory issues. The probit 9 standard for quarantine treatment efficacy has given way to risk-based alternatives. Varietal testing may have merit for some treatments or commodities but not for others. Development of generic treatments to control broad groups of insects or insects in all commodities can expedite new trade in agricultural products. Area-wide pest management programs lower pest levels before harvest and improve the quarantine security provided by any postharvest treatments. Systems approaches capitalize on cumulative pest mortality from multiple control components to achieve quarantine security in an exported commodity. Certain quarantine treatment technologies such as irradiation are not universally accepted, which is slowing their adoption. Standardized phytosanitary measures and research protocols are needed to improve the flow of information when countries propose to trade in a regulated commodity.
随着全球农产品贸易的增加，将外来昆虫引入新地区并使其成为害虫的情况将会增多。为防止贸易商品中有害生物的传入而开展的检疫处理或其他缓解措施的开发与应用引发了诸多研究和监管问题。检疫处理效果的概率单位9标准已被基于风险的替代方法所取代。品种测试对某些处理或商品可能有价值，但对其他的则不然。开发通用处理方法以控制各类昆虫或所有商品中的昆虫，可加快农产品的新贸易。区域害虫管理计划可在收获前降低害虫数量，并提高任何收获后处理所提供的检疫安全性。系统方法利用多个控制组件累积的害虫死亡率，以确保出口商品的检疫安全性。某些检疫处理技术，如辐照，并未得到普遍认可，这减缓了它们的应用。当各国提议对受管制商品进行贸易时，需要标准化的植物检疫措施和研究方案来改善信息流通。
