Follett Peter A
USDA-ARS, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Aug;102(4):1399-406. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0401.
In 2006, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service published a landmark rule providing generic radiation quarantine treatments. The rule approved radiation doses of 150 Gy for any tephritid fruit fly and 400 Gy for all other insects except the pupa and adult stages of Lepidoptera. The generic radiation treatments apply to all fresh horticultural commodities. Therefore, if a pest risk assessment demonstrates that no pupae or adult Lepidoptera are associated with a commodity, export approval can be forthcoming with no further research. Generic treatments are the culmination of decades of research but not an end point. Future research on quarantine and phytosanitary uses of radiation should focus on 1) development of specific doses for quarantine Lepidoptera not covered by the generic treatments, 2) reduction of dose levels for specific pests and commodities to shorten treatment time and minimize any deleterious effects of radiation treatment on commodity quality, 3) development of generic doses below 400 Gy for important groups of quarantine arthropods other than fruit flies, and 4) development of information on commodity tolerance and development of value-added irradiated fresh products that use generic radiation treatments. Generic treatments will facilitate safe trade between countries that have approved phytosanitary uses of radiation for fresh agricultural commodities.
2006年，美国农业部动植物卫生检验局发布了一项具有里程碑意义的规则，规定了通用的辐射检疫处理方法。该规则批准对任何实蝇类果蝇使用150戈瑞的辐射剂量，对除鳞翅目蛹期和成虫期之外的所有其他昆虫使用400戈瑞的辐射剂量。通用辐射处理适用于所有新鲜园艺商品。因此，如果有害生物风险评估表明某种商品不存在鳞翅目蛹或成虫，则无需进一步研究即可获得出口批准。通用处理方法是数十年研究的成果，但并非终点。未来关于辐射检疫和植物检疫用途的研究应集中在以下方面：1）针对通用处理未涵盖的检疫鳞翅目昆虫制定特定剂量；2）降低特定有害生物和商品的剂量水平，以缩短处理时间并尽量减少辐射处理对商品质量的任何有害影响；3）为除果蝇外的重要检疫节肢动物群体制定低于400戈瑞的通用剂量；4）收集关于商品耐受性的信息，并开发使用通用辐射处理的增值辐照新鲜产品。通用处理方法将促进已批准对新鲜农产品使用辐射进行植物检疫的国家之间的安全贸易。
