Boot Walter R, Kramer Arthur F, Peterson Matthew S
Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2005 Jul;67(5):910-28. doi: 10.3758/bf03193543.
Previous research has shown that the appearance of an object (onset) and the disappearance of an object (offset) have the ability to influence the allocation of covert attention. To determine whether both onsets and offsets have the ability to influence eye movements, a series of experiments was conducted in which participants had to make goal-directed eye movements to a color singleton target in the presence of an irrelevant onset/offset. In accord with previous research, onsets had the ability to capture the eyes. The offset of an object demonstrated little or no ability to interrupt goal-directed eye movements to the target. Two experiments in which the effects of onsets and offsets on covert attention were examined suggest that offsets do not capture the eyes, because they have a lesser ability to capture covert attention than do onsets. A number of other studies that have shown strong effects of offsets on attention have used offsets that were uncorrelated with target position (i.e., nonpredictive), whereas we used onsets and offsets that never served as targets (i.e., antipredictive). The present results are consistent with a new-object theory of attentional capture in which onsets receive attentional priority over other types of changes in the visual environment.
先前的研究表明，物体的出现（起始）和消失（终止）能够影响隐蔽注意的分配。为了确定起始和终止是否都能影响眼动，进行了一系列实验，实验中参与者必须在存在无关起始/终止的情况下，对一个颜色独特的目标进行目标导向的眼动。与先前的研究一致，起始能够吸引眼球。物体的终止几乎没有或完全没有能力中断对目标的目标导向眼动。两项检验起始和终止对隐蔽注意影响的实验表明，终止不会吸引眼球，因为它们吸引隐蔽注意的能力比起始弱。其他一些显示终止对注意有强烈影响的研究使用的终止与目标位置不相关（即非预测性的），而我们使用的起始和终止从未作为目标（即反预测性的）。目前的结果与一种注意捕获的新物体理论一致，在该理论中，起始比视觉环境中的其他类型变化获得注意优先权。
