McCabe Marita P, Hardman Lisa
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Soc Psychol. 2005 Dec;145(6):719-40. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.145.6.719-740.
The authors investigated how individual factors (age, gender, gender role, past experiences of sexual harassment) and organizational factors (gender ratio, sexual harassment policies, the role of employers) related to workers' attitudes toward and perceptions of sexual harassment. In Study 1, participants were 176 workers from a large, white-collar organization. In Study 2, participants were 75 workers from a smaller, blue-collar organization. Individuals from Study 2 experienced more sexual harassment, were more tolerant of sexual harassment, and perceived less behavior as sexual harassment than did individuals from Study 1. For both samples, organizational and individual factors predicted workers' attitudes toward and experiences of sexual harassment. Individual factors-such as age, gender, gender role, past experiences of sexual harassment, and perceptions of management's tolerance of sexual harassment-predicted attitudes toward sexual harassment. Workers' attitudes, the behavioral context, and the gender of the victim and perpetrator predicted perceptions of sexual harassment. The authors discussed the broader implications of these findings and suggested recommendations for future research.
作者们研究了个体因素（年龄、性别、性别角色、过去的性骚扰经历）和组织因素（性别比例、性骚扰政策、雇主的角色）如何与员工对性骚扰的态度和认知相关。在研究1中，参与者是来自一个大型白领组织的176名员工。在研究2中，参与者是来自一个较小的蓝领组织的75名员工。与研究1的个体相比，研究2的个体经历了更多的性骚扰，对性骚扰更宽容，并且将更少的行为视为性骚扰。对于两个样本，组织和个体因素都预测了员工对性骚扰的态度和经历。个体因素，如年龄、性别、性别角色、过去的性骚扰经历以及对管理层对性骚扰容忍度的认知，预测了对性骚扰的态度。员工的态度、行为背景以及受害者和肇事者的性别预测了对性骚扰的认知。作者们讨论了这些发现的更广泛含义，并为未来研究提出了建议。
