Guerra L, Bardazzi F, Tosti A
Department of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Contact Dermatitis. 1992 Feb;26(2):108-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00893.x.
The aim of our study was to report the frequency of sensitization to hairdressing allergens in a group of patients with contact dermatitis, in whom previous treatments with hair dyes or permanent wave solutions were suspected to be the cause. 49 of 261 hairdressers' clients (18.7%), who were patch tested with the hairdressers' screening series in the years 1985-1990, showed one (27) or more (22) positive reactions to hairdressing chemicals. This study confirms hair dyeing to be the procedure associated with the highest risk of sensitization among hairdressers' clients. Among hair dye allergens, PPD is the most frequent sensitizer (7.3%). A low rate of sensitization to the PPD derivatives PAP, ONPPD and PTD was detected in these clients, there being no differences in the frequency of sensitization to the 3 substances (4.2%, 4.6% and 4.6%, respectively). Only 0.4% of clients were positive to resorcinol, while pyrogallol showed a 2.3% rate of sensitization. Sensitization to GMTG was found in 3.3% of patients. ATG was an infrequent sensitizer (1.1%). Allergic contact dermatitis due to APS is quite rare (2.7%), in view of the widespread use of this compound. A positive open patch test in 1 hairdressers' client, who complained of generalized urticaria after hair bleaching, confirmed the diagnosis of immediate contact reaction due to APS. Sensitization to hairdressing allergens among consumers (18.7%) is possibly more frequent than sensitization to other cosmetic ingredients. We previously detected a 14.3% rate of sensitization to cosmetic ingredients in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis caused by cosmetics. On the other hand, reactions to cosmetic ingredients were also common in our patients. This may indicate that hairdressers' clients make greater use of cosmetics than average.
我们研究的目的是报告一组接触性皮炎患者中对美发过敏原致敏的频率，这些患者之前被怀疑因染发或烫发液治疗而致病。1985年至1990年间，261名美发店顾客中有49名（18.7%）接受了美发师筛查系列斑贴试验，结果显示对美发化学品有1次（27名）或更多次（22名）阳性反应。本研究证实染发是美发店顾客中致敏风险最高的操作。在染发剂过敏原中，对苯二胺是最常见的致敏原（7.3%）。在这些顾客中，对苯二胺衍生物对氨基苯酚、邻氨基对苯二胺和对苯二胺甲苯磺酸盐的致敏率较低，对这3种物质的致敏频率无差异（分别为4.2%、4.6%和4.6%）。只有0.4%的顾客对间苯二酚呈阳性，而对苯三酚的致敏率为2.3%。3.3%的患者对甘汞甲苯磺酸酯致敏。硫代乙醇酸铵是一种罕见的致敏原（1.1%）。鉴于该化合物的广泛使用，由过硫酸铵引起的过敏性接触性皮炎相当罕见（2.7%）。一名美发店顾客在头发漂白后出现全身性荨麻疹，其开放性斑贴试验呈阳性，证实了因过硫酸铵引起的速发型接触反应的诊断。消费者中对美发过敏原的致敏率（18.7%）可能比对其他化妆品成分的致敏率更高。我们之前在疑似由化妆品引起的过敏性接触性皮炎患者中检测到对化妆品成分的致敏率为14.3%。另一方面，我们的患者中对化妆品成分的反应也很常见。这可能表明美发店顾客比一般人更多地使用化妆品。
