Bell W, Evans W D, Cobner D M, Eston R G
University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Cyncoed, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK.
Ergonomics. 2005;48(11-14):1462-72. doi: 10.1080/00140130500101007.
The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether differences existed in the regional placement of bone mineral mass (BMM), fat mass (FM) and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) between playing units in Rugby Union Football and between players and control subjects. Thirty young adult rugby players and 21 controls participated in the study. Players were assigned to groups as either forwards (n = 15) or backs (n = 15). Control subjects were matched (n = 15) to rugby players using the mean BMI of forwards and backs. BMM, FM and LSTM were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The digital image of each subject was partitioned into regional anatomical segments comprising the head, right and left arms, trunk, and right and left legs. Measurements were summed for the arms and legs respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to differentiate between- and within-groups; Tukey's post-hoc test was applied to identify pairwise differences. The alpha level was set throughout at p = 0.01. Principal components analysis was utilized to contrast the regional segments of each tissue in each of the groups. Forwards exhibited larger absolute (kg) amounts of BMM, FM and LSTM than backs or controls. In relative terms (%) there were no significant differences in BMM(%) between forwards, backs and controls in the arms and legs, but differences did occur between backs and controls at the trunk (2.9 vs. 2.5%). Backs had a significantly larger LSTM(%) than forwards at the arms (84.4 vs. 76.5%), legs (80.0 vs. 71.9%) and trunk (89.2 vs. 79.0%), whereas forwards had a greater FM(%) than backs at the arms (18.7 vs. 10.6%), legs (23.1 vs. 14.7%), and trunk (18.4 vs. 8.0%). The distribution of BMM showed a lower body-upper body contrast in forwards, a trunk-extremity contrast in backs and an arm-lower body contrast in controls. FM exhibited a trunk-extremity contrast in all three groups, while LSTM displayed an arm-lower body contrast in all three groups. It is concluded that there are significant regional tissue differences between forwards and backs, which may be related to playing function, and also differences between rugby players and controls.
本研究的目的是确定英式橄榄球联盟比赛中不同位置球员之间，以及球员与对照受试者之间骨矿物质质量（BMM）、脂肪量（FM）和瘦软组织量（LSTM）的区域分布是否存在差异。30名年轻成年橄榄球运动员和21名对照受试者参与了本研究。球员被分为前锋组（n = 15）和后卫组（n = 15）。对照受试者根据前锋和后卫的平均体重指数进行匹配（n = 15）。使用双能X线吸收法测量BMM、FM和LSTM。每个受试者的数字图像被划分为包括头部、左右臂、躯干以及左右腿的区域解剖部分。分别对双臂和双腿的测量值进行求和。采用单因素方差分析来区分组间和组内差异；使用Tukey事后检验来确定两两差异。整个过程中设定的α水平为p = 0.01。利用主成分分析来对比每组中各组织的区域部分。前锋的BMM、FM和LSTM的绝对量（kg）比后卫或对照受试者更大。相对而言（%），双臂和双腿的BMM（%）在前锋、后卫和对照受试者之间没有显著差异，但在躯干部位，后卫和对照受试者之间存在差异（2.9%对2.5%）。后卫在双臂（84.4%对76.5%）、双腿（80.0%对71.9%）和躯干（89.2%对79.0%）的LSTM（%）显著大于前锋，而前锋在双臂（18.7%对10.6%）、双腿（23.1%对14.7%）和躯干（18.4%对8.0%）的FM（%）大于后卫。BMM的分布在前锋中表现为下半身与上半身的对比，后卫中表现为躯干与四肢的对比，对照受试者中表现为手臂与下半身的对比。FM在所有三组中均表现为躯干与四肢的对比，而LSTM在所有三组中均表现为手臂与下半身的对比。得出的结论是，前锋和后卫之间存在显著的区域组织差异，这可能与比赛功能有关，并且橄榄球运动员与对照受试者之间也存在差异。
