Sztul Elizabeth, Lupashin Vladimir
Dept. of Cell Biology, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 Univ. Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006 Jan;290(1):C11-26. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2005.
Coiled-coil and multisubunit tethers have emerged as key regulators of membrane traffic and organellar architecture. The restricted subcellular localization of tethers and their ability to interact with Rabs and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) suggests that tethers participate in determining the specificity of membrane fusion. An accepted model of tether function considers them molecular "bridges" that link opposing membranes before SNARE pairing. This model has been extended by findings in various experimental systems, suggesting that tethers may have other functions. Recent reports implicate tethers in the assembly of SNARE complexes, cargo selection and transit, cytoskeletal events, and localized attachment of regulatory proteins. A concept of tethers as scaffolding machines that recruit protein components involved in varied cellular responses is emerging. In this model, tethers function as integration switches that simultaneously transmit information to coordinate distinct processes required for membrane traffic.
卷曲螺旋和多亚基系链已成为膜运输和细胞器结构的关键调节因子。系链在亚细胞中的定位受限，以及它们与Rabs和可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子附着蛋白受体（SNAREs）相互作用的能力，表明系链参与决定膜融合的特异性。一个被广泛接受的系链功能模型认为，它们是在SNARE配对之前连接相对膜的分子“桥梁”。各种实验系统的研究结果扩展了这一模型，表明系链可能具有其他功能。最近的报道表明，系链参与SNARE复合体的组装、货物选择和运输、细胞骨架事件以及调节蛋白的局部附着。一种将系链视为招募参与各种细胞反应的蛋白质成分的支架机器的概念正在形成。在这个模型中，系链作为整合开关，同时传递信息以协调膜运输所需的不同过程。
