Soboļeva Una, Lauriņa Lija, Slaidiņa Anda
Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Stomatology, 20 Dzirciema str., Riga LV 1007, Latvia.
Stomatologija. 2005;7(3):77-80.
Masticatory muscle physiology has been evaluated mostly from electromyographic recordings. However, electromyography coupled with jaw-tracking devices has provided much more information of the correlation between jaw movements and muscle activity. Knowledge of how the mandible moves during mastication has greatly influenced procedures in clinical dentistry. The aim of this overview is to give basic description of the classical studies of the physiology, function and neural control principles of the mastication. Mastication is the action of breaking down of food, preparatory to deglutition. This breaking-down action is highly organized complex of neuromuscular and digestive activities. The duration and forces developed in the power stroke vary within and between individuals and for the type of the food being chewed. It has been suggested that the observation of masticatory movements may be of diagnostic value for assessing disorders of the stomatognathic system, but there is not clear evidence to show significant differences. The action of masticatory muscles during chewing varies between subjects in amplitude, onset timing, and duration of the chewing cycle. Since tooth guidance has an enormous influence on muscle activity during chewing and swallowing, it is advisable to make restorations compatible with the functional movement patterns of the patient rather than expect the patterns of the mastication to adapt to the new made restorations.
咀嚼肌生理学主要通过肌电图记录进行评估。然而，肌电图与下颌运动追踪装置相结合，提供了更多关于下颌运动与肌肉活动之间相关性的信息。了解下颌在咀嚼过程中的运动方式，对临床牙科手术产生了重大影响。本综述的目的是对咀嚼的生理学、功能和神经控制原理的经典研究进行基本描述。咀嚼是将食物分解，为吞咽做准备的动作。这种分解动作是神经肌肉和消化活动高度有组织的复杂过程。动力冲程中产生的持续时间和力量在个体之间以及个体内部，因所咀嚼食物的类型而有所不同。有人认为，观察咀嚼运动可能对评估口颌系统紊乱具有诊断价值，但尚无明确证据表明存在显著差异。咀嚼过程中咀嚼肌的动作在受试者之间，咀嚼周期的幅度、起始时间和持续时间各不相同。由于牙齿引导对咀嚼和吞咽过程中的肌肉活动有巨大影响，因此建议制作与患者功能运动模式相匹配的修复体，而不是期望咀嚼模式适应新制作的修复体。
