Chambers Christina D, Hughes Suzanne, Meltzer Susan B, Wahlgren Dennis, Kassem Nada, Larson Sarah, Riley Edward P, Hovell Melbourne F
Department of Pediatrics and Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005 Nov;29(11):2022-8. doi: 10.1097/01.alc.0000187160.18672.f9.
Due to changing cultural norms, Latinas of childbearing age residing in the U.S. may be at increasing risk of drinking harmful levels of alcohol during pregnancy, and may also be unaware of the risks for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders associated with this behavior. We assessed the prevalence of alcohol consumption in a sample of low-income pregnant Latinas and examined risk factors for alcohol use in the periconceptional period.
As part of a larger intervention trial, a cross-sectional in-home interview study was conducted among a sample of 100 pregnant low-income Latinas receiving services from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in San Diego County, California.
Fifty-seven percent of respondents indicated they were either life-time abstainers or had not consumed any alcohol in the periconceptional period. Forty-three percent reported some alcohol use in the three months prior to recognition of the current pregnancy, and 20% reported at least one binge episode of four or more standard drinks during that time frame. Five percent reported drinking seven or more drinks per week, and 8% continued drinking alcohol after recognition of pregnancy. Significant predictors of any alcohol use in the periconceptional period included English language/higher level of acculturation, younger maternal age, lower parity, higher level of education, younger age at first drink, and having ever smoked. Women who were aware of alcohol warning messages and /or had more knowledge of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) were significantly more likely to have consumed alcohol in the periconceptional period. Frequency of periconceptional use of alcohol did not differ between women who planned or did not plan the pregnancy.
The prevalence and pattern of early pregnancy alcohol consumption in this sample of Latinas is similar to patterns noted in other race/ethnic groups in the U.S. Level of knowledge about FAS and awareness of warning messages was not protective for early pregnancy alcohol consumption, suggesting that specific knowledge was insufficient to prevent exposure or that other factors reinforce maintenance of alcohol consumption in early pregnancy. Selective interventions in low-income Latinas are warranted, and should be focused on women of reproductive age who are binge or frequent drinkers and who are at risk of becoming pregnant.
由于文化规范的变化，居住在美国的育龄拉丁裔女性在孕期饮酒达到有害水平的风险可能在增加，而且她们可能也未意识到这种行为会带来胎儿酒精谱系障碍的风险。我们评估了低收入怀孕拉丁裔女性样本中的饮酒患病率，并研究了受孕前后时期饮酒的风险因素。
作为一项更大规模干预试验的一部分，对加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥县100名接受妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）服务的低收入怀孕拉丁裔女性样本进行了一项横断面居家访谈研究。
57%的受访者表示她们要么终生戒酒，要么在受孕前后时期未饮酒。43%的人报告在确认当前怀孕前三个月有过饮酒行为，20%的人报告在该时间段内至少有一次狂饮发作，即饮用四杯或更多标准饮酒量。5%的人报告每周饮酒七杯或更多，8%的人在确认怀孕后仍继续饮酒。受孕前后时期饮酒的显著预测因素包括英语水平/文化适应程度较高、母亲年龄较小、低生育次数、教育程度较高、首次饮酒年龄较小以及曾经吸烟。知晓酒精警示信息和/或对胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）了解更多的女性在受孕前后时期饮酒的可能性显著更高。计划内怀孕和计划外怀孕的女性在受孕前后时期饮酒的频率没有差异。
该拉丁裔女性样本中早期妊娠饮酒的患病率和模式与美国其他种族/族裔群体中观察到的模式相似。对FAS的了解程度和对警示信息的知晓并不能预防早期妊娠饮酒，这表明特定知识不足以预防暴露，或者其他因素促使在早期妊娠中维持饮酒行为。有必要对低收入拉丁裔女性进行选择性干预，干预应侧重于育龄期的狂饮者或经常饮酒者以及有怀孕风险的女性。
