Botanical Institute, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Aug;48(2):245-51. doi: 10.1128/aem.48.2.245-251.1984.
Two kinds of experiments, sporulation and growth experiments, were carried out to demonstrate the effect of cadmium on aquatic hyphomycetes. Oak (Quercus petraea L.) leaves were exposed in a hard-water stream (Lüssel, Swiss Jura) and a soft-water stream (Ibach, Black Forest) for 2 months. In the laboratory, fungal sporulation on the leaves in stream water enriched with cadmium (as CdCl(2)) was studied. A measurable effect was found when the cadmium concentration exceeded 0.1 ppm (0.1 mg/liter). Concentrations higher than 100 ppm inhibited conidium production completely. This toxic effect of cadmium was species dependent and much higher in soft water (water with low concentrations of calcium and magnesium) than in hard water. Growth experiments with Alatospora acuminata Ingold, Clavariopsis aquatica De Wildeman, Flagellospora curvula Ingold, Heliscus lugdunensis Saccardo and Therry, and Tetracladium marchalianum De Wildeman showed the same pattern of cadmium sensitivity as that seen in the sporulation experiments. Mycelial growth was less sensitive to cadmium than was fungal sporulation. High concentrations of competing cations (e.g., calcium and zinc) or potential ligands could reduce cadmium toxicity. Calcium content seems to be the most important factor responsible for the different sensitivity of aquatic hyphomycetes in hard and soft water.
进行了两种实验，即孢子形成实验和生长实验，以证明镉对水生丝孢菌的影响。橡树叶（欧洲栓皮栎 L.）在硬水溪流（瑞士汝拉州吕塞尔）和软水溪流（黑森林州伊巴赫）中暴露了 2 个月。在实验室中，研究了在富含镉（如 CdCl(2)）的溪流水中叶片上真菌的孢子形成。当镉浓度超过 0.1 ppm（0.1 毫克/升）时，就会发现可测量的效果。浓度高于 100 ppm 时会完全抑制分生孢子的产生。这种镉的毒性作用取决于物种，在软水中（钙和镁浓度低的水）比在硬水中更为明显。用 Alatospora acuminata Ingold、Clavariopsis aquatica De Wildeman、Flagellospora curvula Ingold、Heliscus lugdunensis Saccardo 和 Therry 以及 Tetracladium marchalianum De Wildeman 进行的生长实验显示出与孢子形成实验相同的镉敏感性模式。与真菌孢子形成相比，菌丝体生长对镉的敏感性较低。高浓度的竞争阳离子（如钙和锌）或潜在配体可能会降低镉的毒性。钙含量似乎是硬水和软水中国生水丝孢菌敏感性差异的最重要因素。
