Simpson M E, Marsh P B, Merola G V, Ferretti R J, Filsinger E C
Nutritional Microbiology Laboratory, Nutrition Institute, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
Appl Microbiol. 1973 Oct;26(4):608-13. doi: 10.1128/am.26.4.608-613.1973.
As a part of an investigation of aflatoxins and other mycotoxins in cottonseeds at harvest, samples of seeds collected from the 1971 crop at locations across the U.S. Cotton Belt were examined to determine the kinds of microorganisms causing internal or seed-coat infection in the field. Aspergillus flavus infection was absent from all seeds examined from most areas but was present in some samples from Arizona, California, and Texas. Fusarium spp., Alternaria sp., and A. niger caused internal infection at many locations; Colletotrichum gossypii and Rhizopus stolonifer were present in seeds from some areas but were generally much less common. Many of the infections with A. niger were in the seed coat. Bacterial infections were fairly frequent. In a series of commerical samples from Arizona. A. flavus infection was found in 61% of seeds, with fiber showing the bright, greenish-yellow (BGY) fluorescence that is diagnostic for A. flavus boll rot. Aflatoxin contamination was also concentration in the same seeds. The above findings agree with previous data showing that aflatoxin contamination of cottonseeds before harvest occurs rarely, if at all, in most parts of the U.S. Cotton Belt and that when such contamination does occur, it tends to be concentrated in seeds with the BGY fluorescence in their fiber and seed fuzz.
作为对收获时棉籽中黄曲霉毒素及其他霉菌毒素调查的一部分，对从美国棉花带各地采集的1971年作物种子样本进行了检测，以确定导致田间内部或种皮感染的微生物种类。大多数地区检测的所有种子均未发现黄曲霉感染，但亚利桑那州、加利福尼亚州和得克萨斯州的一些样本中存在黄曲霉感染。镰刀菌属、链格孢属和黑曲霉在许多地点引起内部感染；棉炭疽菌和匍枝根霉在一些地区的种子中存在，但通常不太常见。许多黑曲霉感染发生在种皮。细菌感染相当频繁。在亚利桑那州的一系列商业样本中，61%的种子发现有黄曲霉感染，纤维呈现出对黄曲霉棉铃腐烂具有诊断性的亮黄绿色（BGY）荧光。黄曲霉毒素污染也集中在同一批种子中。上述发现与之前的数据一致，即在美国棉花带的大部分地区，收获前棉籽很少受到黄曲霉毒素污染，即便有污染，往往也集中在纤维和籽棉具有BGY荧光的种子中。
