Adaptive cardiac resynchronization therapy device: a simulation report.

We report the results of a simulation of an adaptive cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device performing biventricular pacing in which the atrioventricular (AV) delay and interventricular (VV) interval parameters are changed dynamically in response to data provided by the simulated IEGMs and simulated hemodynamic sensors. A learning module, an artificial neural network, performs the adaptive part of the algorithm supervised by an algorithmic deterministic module, internally or externally from the implanted CRT or CRT-D. The simulated cardiac output obtained with the adaptive CRT device is considerably higher (30%) especially with higher heart rates than in the nonadaptive CRT mode and is likely to be translated into improvement in quality of life of patients with congestive heart failure.