Wang J, Palkovits M, Usdin T B, Dobolyi A
Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3728, USA.
Neuroscience. 2006;138(1):197-220. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.11.010. Epub 2005 Dec 19.
The subparafascicular nucleus and the subparafascicular area are the major sites of synthesis of the recently discovered neuropeptide, tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39). Better knowledge of the neuronal inputs to the subparafascicular area and nucleus will facilitate investigation of the functions of TIP39. Thus, we have injected the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit into the rostral, middle, and caudal parts of the rat subparafascicular nucleus. We report that the afferent projections to the subparafascicular nucleus and area include the medial prefrontal, insular, and ectorhinal cortex, the subiculum, the lateral septum, the anterior amygdaloid area, the medial amygdaloid nucleus, the caudal paralaminar area of the thalamus, the lateral preoptic area, the anterior, ventromedial, and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, the dorsal premamillary nucleus, the zona incerta and Forel's fields, the periaqueductal gray, the deep layers of the superior colliculus, cortical layers of the inferior colliculus, the cuneiform nucleus, the medial paralemniscal nucleus, and the parabrachial nuclei. Most of these regions project to all parts of the subparafascicular nucleus. However, the magnocellular subparafascicular neurons, which occupy the middle part of the subparafascicular nucleus, may not receive projections from the medial prefrontal and insular cortex, the medial amygdaloid nucleus, the lateral preoptic area, and the parabrachial nuclei. In addition, double labeling of cholera toxin B subunit and TIP39 revealed a remarkable similarity between input regions of the subparafascicular area and the brain TIP39 system. Neurons within regions that contain TIP39 cell bodies as well as regions that contain TIP39 fibers project to the subparafascicular area. Overall, the afferent connections of the subparafascicular nucleus and area suggest its involvement in central reproductive, visceral, nociceptive, and auditory regulation.
束旁下核和束旁下区域是最近发现的神经肽——39个氨基酸的结节漏斗肽（TIP39）的主要合成部位。深入了解投射至束旁下区域和核的神经输入，将有助于研究TIP39的功能。因此，我们已将逆行示踪剂霍乱毒素B亚基注射到大鼠束旁下核的嘴侧、中间和尾侧部分。我们报告称，投射至束旁下核和区域的传入投射包括内侧前额叶、岛叶和嗅外皮质、海马下脚、外侧隔区、杏仁前区、杏仁内侧核、丘脑尾侧旁层区、外侧视前区、下丘脑前核、腹内侧核和后核、背侧乳头前核、未定带和Forel区、导水管周围灰质、上丘深层、下丘皮质层、楔状核、内侧臂旁核和臂旁核。这些区域中的大多数投射至束旁下核的所有部位。然而，占据束旁下核中部的大细胞束旁下神经元可能不会接收来自内侧前额叶和岛叶皮质、杏仁内侧核、外侧视前区和臂旁核的投射。此外，霍乱毒素B亚基和TIP39的双重标记显示，束旁下区域的输入区域与脑TIP39系统之间存在显著相似性。含有TIP39细胞体的区域以及含有TIP39纤维的区域内的神经元投射至束旁下区域。总体而言，束旁下核和区域的传入连接表明其参与中枢生殖、内脏、伤害性感受和听觉调节。
