Keyyu J D, Kassuku A A, Msalilwa L P, Monrad J, Kyvsgaard N C
Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania.
Vet Res Commun. 2006 Jan;30(1):45-55. doi: 10.1007/s11259-005-3176-1.
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and flukes (Fasciola and amphistomes) infection in communally grazed traditional cattle, zero-grazed small-scale dairy cattle and intensively grazed large-scale dairy cattle through examination of helminth eggs in faeces. Results indicated that the type of management, especially the grazing habit, has a significant influence on the prevalence and intensity of GI nematodes and flukes. The prevalence of GI nematodes in traditional, large-scale dairy and small-scale dairy cattle was 67%, 44.4% and 37%, respectively, with the highest faecal egg counts in calves. The overall prevalence of Fasciola gigantica in traditional, large-scale dairy and small-scale dairy cattle was 63.8%, 46.2% and 28.4%, respectively. The prevalence of amphistomes was 81.9%, 55.5% and 41.1% in traditional, large-scale dairy and small-scale dairy cattle, respectively. The high prevalence of flukes in the traditional system was attributed to communal grazing and watering management practices. Stomach flukes recovered in examined cattle at the abattoir were Calicophoron microbothrium and Cotylophoron jacksoni. About 42.1% of infected animals had both Fasciola and amphistomes. The prevalence of both GI nematodes and flukes varied greatly among villages and farms. The prevalence of both Fasciola and amphistomes was higher in adults (58.5%, 75.2%) than in yearlings (36.5%, 51.5%) or calves (24.9%, 47.2%). The variation in the prevalence of both GI nematodes and flukes among management and age groups within systems can be used as an entry point towards rational use of anthelmintics for each management system. More studies on seasonal transmission pattern of all these parasites are required in order to design rational, economic and locally sustainable parasite control programmes.
通过检测粪便中的蠕虫卵，开展了一项横断面研究，以确定在传统放牧的黄牛、舍饲的小规模奶牛和集约放牧的大规模奶牛中胃肠道线虫和吸虫（肝片吸虫和双口吸虫）感染的流行情况。结果表明，管理方式，尤其是放牧习惯，对胃肠道线虫和吸虫的流行率及感染强度有显著影响。传统放牧的黄牛、大规模奶牛和小规模奶牛中胃肠道线虫的流行率分别为67%、44.4%和37%，犊牛的粪便虫卵计数最高。传统放牧的黄牛、大规模奶牛和小规模奶牛中巨片形吸虫的总体流行率分别为63.8%、46.2%和28.4%。传统放牧的黄牛、大规模奶牛和小规模奶牛中双口吸虫的流行率分别为81.9%、55.5%和41.1%。传统养殖系统中吸虫的高流行率归因于公共放牧和饮水管理方式。在屠宰场检查的牛体内发现的胃吸虫为微小双口吸虫和杰克逊杯殖吸虫。约42.1%的感染动物同时感染了肝片吸虫和双口吸虫。胃肠道线虫和吸虫的流行率在不同村庄和农场之间差异很大。肝片吸虫和双口吸虫在成年牛（58.5%，75.2%）中的流行率高于一岁龄牛（36.5%，51.5%）或犊牛（24.9%，47.2%）。系统内管理和年龄组之间胃肠道线虫和吸虫流行率的差异可作为合理使用驱虫药的切入点，针对每个管理系统制定用药方案。为了设计合理、经济且在当地可持续的寄生虫控制方案，需要对所有这些寄生虫的季节性传播模式进行更多研究。
