评价三氯苯达唑和双羟萘酸噻嘧啶对坦桑尼亚伊林加农村和阿鲁梅鲁区感染大片形吸虫和双腔吸虫的牛的疗效，采用粪便卵计数减少试验。
Evaluating the effectiveness of trematocides against Fasciola gigantica and amphistomes infections in cattle, using faecal egg count reduction tests in Iringa Rural and Arumeru Districts, Tanzania.
机构信息
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Jul 3;11(1):384. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2965-7.
BACKGROUND
Fasciolosis, caused by the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica, and paramphistomosis are widespread in cattle in Tanzania, and the use of trematocides is encouraged by the Government livestock extension officers. However, reduced efficacy of oxyclozanide against Fasciola gigantica and amphistomes (rumen flukes), and albendazole against F. gigantica, has been reported in some regions. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of different trematocides against F. gigantica and amphistome infections in cattle at Iringa Rural and Arumeru Districts.
METHODS
Cattle found with concurrent infection of F. gigantica and amphistomes were randomly grouped into six experimental groups. One control group was left untreated while five treatment groups were treated with one of five trematocides that include: albendazole, nitroxynil, oxyclozanide, closantel and triclabendazole. Post-treatment faecal sample collection was done on the day of treatment and again at 7, 14 and 28 days, from each cattle. The samples were processed by Flukefinder® method to recover and identify eggs. Assessment of the efficacy of the trematocides against F. gigantica and amphistomes was conducted using faecal egg count reduction (FECR) tests.
RESULTS
The findings of the present study in both districts indicate that nitroxynil, oxyclozanide, closantel and triclabendazole are effective against patent F. gigantica infection, as the calculated FECR% for each trematocide was 100% by day 14 post-treatment. However, albendazole found to have reduced efficacy of against F. gigantica, as FECR% was 49% in Arumeru District and 89% in Iringa Rural District by day 14 post-treatment. Oxyclozanide was the only trematocide found to be effective against amphistomes with FECR of 99%.
CONCLUSIONS
Albendazole had reduced efficacy against F. gigantica in cattle in Arumeru and Iringa Rural Districts, Tanzania. The reduced efficacy was prominent in Arumeru, where cattle are commonly treated with anthelmintics, than in Iringa Rural, where cattle are seldom treated.
背景
在坦桑尼亚，肝片吸虫病（由巨型片形吸虫引起）和双腔吸虫病在牛群中广泛流行，政府家畜推广官员鼓励使用驱虫药。然而，在一些地区，报告称奥克氯氰柳胺对巨型片形吸虫和双腔吸虫（瘤胃吸虫）的疗效降低，阿苯达唑对巨型片形吸虫的疗效也降低。本研究旨在评估不同驱虫药对伊林加农村和阿鲁梅鲁区牛群中巨型片形吸虫和双腔吸虫感染的疗效。
方法
随机将发现同时感染巨型片形吸虫和双腔吸虫的牛分为六组实验组。一组对照组未进行治疗，而五组实验组分别用五种驱虫药之一进行治疗，包括：阿苯达唑、硝氯酚、奥克氯氰柳胺、氯硝柳胺和三氯苯达唑。在治疗当天以及第 7、14 和 28 天，从每头牛收集粪便样本。通过 Flukefinder®方法处理样本以回收和鉴定虫卵。使用粪便虫卵减少率（FECR）试验评估驱虫药对巨型片形吸虫和双腔吸虫的疗效。
结果
本研究在两个地区的结果表明，硝氯酚、奥克氯氰柳胺、氯硝柳胺和三氯苯达唑对有症状的巨型片形吸虫感染有效，因为在治疗后第 14 天，每种驱虫药的计算 FECR%均为 100%。然而，阿苯达唑对巨型片形吸虫的疗效降低，因为在阿鲁梅鲁区的 FECR%为 49%，在伊林加农村区的 FECR%为 89%。奥克氯氰柳胺是唯一对双腔吸虫有效的驱虫药，FECR 为 99%。
结论
在坦桑尼亚的阿鲁梅鲁和伊林加农村地区，阿苯达唑对牛的巨型片形吸虫疗效降低。在阿鲁梅鲁，由于牛经常用驱虫药治疗，这种疗效降低更为明显，而在伊林加农村，牛很少用驱虫药治疗。
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