Kuehnert Matthew J, Kruszon-Moran Deanna, Hill Holly A, McQuillan Geraldine, McAllister Sigrid K, Fosheim Gregory, McDougal Linda K, Chaitram Jasmine, Jensen Bette, Fridkin Scott K, Killgore George, Tenover Fred C
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 15;193(2):172-9. doi: 10.1086/499632. Epub 2005 Dec 15.
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of disease, particularly in colonized persons. Although methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection has become increasingly reported, population-based S. aureus and MRSA colonization estimates are lacking.
Nasal samples for S. aureus culture and sociodemographic data were obtained from 9622 persons > or = 1 year old as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2002. After screening for oxacillin susceptibility, MRSA and selected methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clonal type, toxin genes (e.g., for Panton-Valentine leukocidin [PVL]), and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type I-IV genes.
For 2001-2002, national S. aureus and MRSA colonization prevalence estimates were 32.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.7%-34.1%) and 0.8% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.4%), respectively, and population estimates were 89.4 million persons (95% CI, 84.8-94.1 million persons) and 2.3 million persons (95% CI, 1.2-3.8 million persons), respectively. S. aureus colonization prevalence was highest in participants 6-11 years old. MRSA colonization was associated with age > or = 60 years and being female but not with recent health-care exposure. In unweighted analyses, the SCCmec type IV gene was more frequent in isolates from participants of younger age and of non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity; the PVL gene was present in 9 (2.4%) of 372 of isolates tested.
Many persons in the United States are colonized with S. aureus; prevalence rates differ demographically. MRSA colonization prevalence, although low nationally in 2001-2002, may vary with demographic and organism characteristics.
金黄色葡萄球菌是一种常见的致病源，尤其在定植人群中。尽管耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）感染的报道日益增多，但基于人群的金黄色葡萄球菌和MRSA定植率估计尚缺乏。
作为2001 - 2002年国家健康与营养检查调查的一部分，从9622名年龄大于或等于1岁的人群中获取用于金黄色葡萄球菌培养的鼻拭子样本和社会人口统计学数据。在筛选对苯唑西林的敏感性后，对MRSA和选定的甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌分离株进行抗菌药物敏感性、脉冲场凝胶电泳克隆型、毒素基因（如杀白细胞素[PVL]）以及葡萄球菌盒式染色体mec（SCCmec）I - IV型基因检测。
2001 - 2002年，全国金黄色葡萄球菌和MRSA定植患病率估计分别为32.4%（95%置信区间[CI]，30.7% - 34.1%）和0.8%（95% CI，0.4% - 1.4%），人群估计分别为8940万人（95% CI，8480 - 9410万人）和230万人（95% CI，120 - 380万人）。金黄色葡萄球菌定植患病率在6 - 11岁参与者中最高。MRSA定植与年龄大于或等于60岁以及女性相关，但与近期医疗保健接触无关。在未加权分析中，SCCmec IV型基因在年龄较小和非西班牙裔黑人种族/族裔参与者的分离株中更常见；在所检测的372株分离株中，有9株（2.4%）存在PVL基因。
美国许多人定植有金黄色葡萄球菌；患病率在人口统计学上存在差异。MRSA定植患病率尽管在2001 - 2002年全国范围内较低，但可能因人口统计学和菌株特征而异。
