Kern Rosalie P, Libkuman Terry M, Otani Hajime, Holmes Katherine
Central Michigan University, Department of Psychology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
Emotion. 2005 Dec;5(4):408-17. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.5.4.408.
The emotion-memory literature has shown that negative emotional arousal enhances memory. S. A. Christianson (1992) proposed that preattentive processing could account for this emotion-memory relationship. Two experiments were conducted to test Christianson's theory. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed to neutral and negative arousing slides. In Experiment 2, participants were exposed to neutral, negative arousing, and positive arousing slides. In both experiments, the aforementioned variable was factorially combined with a divided-attention or non-divided-attention condition. The authors predicted that, in contrast to the nondivided condition, dividing attention would adversely impact neutral and positive stimuli more than negative stimuli. The hypothesis was supported; participants recalled more high negative-arousal slides than positive or neutral slides when their attention was divided rather than nondivided.
情感记忆文献表明，负面情绪唤起会增强记忆。S. A. 克里斯蒂安森（1992年）提出，前注意加工可以解释这种情感与记忆的关系。进行了两项实验来检验克里斯蒂安森的理论。在实验1中，参与者观看中性和负面唤起的幻灯片。在实验2中，参与者观看中性、负面唤起和正面唤起的幻灯片。在两个实验中，上述变量都与分散注意力或不分散注意力的条件进行了析因组合。作者预测，与不分散注意力的情况相比，分散注意力对中性和正面刺激的不利影响将大于对负面刺激的影响。这一假设得到了支持；当参与者的注意力被分散而非集中时，他们回忆起的高负面唤起幻灯片比正面或中性幻灯片更多。
