Detection of faking on the MMPI-2: differentiation among faking-bad, denial, and claiming extreme virtue.

The purpose of this study was (a) to evaluate the ability of the existing validity indices of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) in detecting faking. bad and faking-good profiles, (b) to differentiate between two strategies for faking-good (denial and claiming extreme virtue), (c) to determine the effectiveness of the new MMPI-2 validity scale, the S scale, in detecting people's tendency to present themselves in a superlative manner, and (d) to explore the response strategy under conditions in which individuals we known to be distorting their responses to the MMPI-2 Participants were 167 undergraduate, college students who were administered the test under different conditions, and 50 hospitalized, psychiatric patients. Mean profile configurations and optimal cutoff scores obtained in this study were similar to those reported in previous studies. Accurate identification of faked profiles was achieved. The new S scale and its subscales, especially S2 (Serenity), S3 (Contentment With Life), and S5 (Denial of Moral Flaws), showed particular promise in detecting faking-good (denial and claiming extreme virtue) profiles, Participant's debriefing provided valuable information about the participants' understanding of the instructions and their deception strategies. The attempts to differentiate between two strategies for faking-good, denial and claiming extreme virtue, were not successful, However, these results should not be taken to indicate that the particular strategies assessed in this study cannot be differentiated. Methodological issues reviewed suggest that further research might yield more understanding of the nature of any deception efforts made by respondents. In addition, future, research is needed to discover if the findings from this study generalize to other clinical settings and populations.