Berger-Preiss Edith, Koch Wolfgang, Gerling Susanne, Kock Heiko, Klasen Jutta, Hoffmann Godehard, Appel Klaus E
Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006 Jan;209(1):41-56. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.08.009. Epub 2005 Nov 10.
A new "pre-embarkation" method for aircraft disinsection was investigated using two different 2% d-phenothrin containing aerosols. Five experiments in aircrafts of the type Airbus 310 (4x) and Boeing 747-400 (1x) were performed. In the absence of passengers and crew the d-phenothrin aerosol was sprayed under the seat rows and in a second step at the height of approximately 1.60 m by moving from one end of the cabin to the other. Concentration levels of d-phenothrin were determined at different time periods after application of the aerosol spray. In a B 747-400 with the air conditioning system operating the concentrations ranged between 853 and 1753 microg/m3 during and till 5 min after the beginning of spraying at different locations in the cabin. Within 5-20min after the end of the spraying concentrations of 36-205 microg/m3 and 20-40 min thereafter only ca. 1 microg d-phenothrin/m3 were detectable (average values in relation to each period of measurement). On cabin interior surfaces the median values for mainly horizontal areas ranged from 100 to 1160 ng d-phenothrin/cm2. d-Phenothrin concentrations in the air were sufficient to kill flying insects like house flies and mosquitoes within 20 min. Horizontal surfaces were 100% effective against insects up to 24 h after spraying. Doses inhaled by sprayers determined by personal measurements were calculated to be 30-235 microg d-phenothrin per 100 g spray applied (30% in the respirable fraction for Arrow Aircraft Disinsectant; 10% for Aircraft Disinsectant Denka). If passengers will board, e.g., 20 min after the end of the disinsection operation, inhalation exposure is estimated to be practically negligible. Also possible dermal exposure from residues in seats and headrests is very low for passengers during the flight. Therefore any health effects for passengers and crew members are very unlikely.
使用两种不同的含2%右旋苯醚菊酯气雾剂，对一种新的飞机除虫“登机前”方法进行了研究。在空客310型飞机（4次）和波音747 - 400型飞机（1次）上进行了5次实验。在没有乘客和机组人员的情况下，将右旋苯醚菊酯气雾剂喷在座椅排下方，然后从客舱一端移动到另一端，在大约1.60米的高度进行第二步喷洒。在喷洒气雾剂后的不同时间段测定右旋苯醚菊酯的浓度水平。在一架空调系统运行的波音747 - 400飞机上，在客舱不同位置喷洒开始时及之后5分钟内，浓度范围为853至1753微克/立方米。喷洒结束后5至20分钟内，浓度为36至205微克/立方米，此后20至40分钟仅可检测到约1微克右旋苯醚菊酯/立方米（相对于每个测量时间段的平均值）。在客舱内表面，主要水平区域的中值范围为100至1160纳克右旋苯醚菊酯/平方厘米。空气中的右旋苯醚菊酯浓度足以在20分钟内杀死家蝇和蚊子等飞行昆虫。水平表面在喷洒后24小时内对昆虫的杀灭率为100%。通过个人测量确定，喷雾器吸入的剂量经计算为每施用100克喷雾剂吸入30至235微克右旋苯醚菊酯（Arrow飞机除虫剂的可吸入部分为30%；Denka飞机除虫剂为10%）。例如，如果在除虫操作结束后20分钟乘客登机，估计吸入暴露几乎可以忽略不计。飞行期间，乘客因座椅和头枕上的残留物而可能受到的皮肤暴露也非常低。因此，乘客和机组人员受到任何健康影响的可能性都非常小。
